Abebe Melese, Afework Mekbeb, Emamu Bahru, Teshome Demissie
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Pediatric Health Med Ther. 2021 Oct 29;12:499-506. doi: 10.2147/PHMT.S332561. eCollection 2021.
Anencephaly is a form of neural tube defect, which develops when the cranial neuropore is unable to close. It is one of the fatal anomalies of the neural tube. Although most of the causes of anencephaly are unknown, multiple risk factors are associated with this defect. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the incidence and associated risk factors of anencephaly in Dessie town, in the north eastern region of Ethiopia.
An institution-based unmatched case-control study was conducted. Sociodemographic characteristics of pregnant women were collected with a structured questionnaire and clinical data were recorded during an ultrasound examination. Data were entered into Epi Info 7 and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Binary logistic regression was applied to detect the associations between risk factors and the occurrence of anencephaly.
The incidence of anencephaly was 3.3/1000 pregnancies. The multivariate logistic regression model indicated that maternal age between 26 and 30 years and khat chewing during pregnancy were significantly associated with anencephaly (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.02-0.97, =0.046; and OR 3.571, 95% CI 1.06-12.06, =0.04, respectively). Exposure to typhus and typhoid and the use of antihypertensive drugs during early pregnancy were also significantly correlated as anencephaly risk factors. Furthermore, spina bifida simultaneously occurred with anencephaly significantly (<0.05).
It is suggested that exposure to risk factors such as khat chewing during pregnancy may predispose to the development of anencephaly.
无脑儿是神经管缺陷的一种形式，当颅神经管无法闭合时就会出现。它是神经管的致命异常之一。尽管无脑儿的大多数病因尚不清楚，但多种风险因素与这种缺陷相关。因此，本研究旨在调查埃塞俄比亚东北部德西镇无脑儿的发病率及相关风险因素。
开展了一项基于机构的非匹配病例对照研究。通过结构化问卷收集孕妇的社会人口学特征，并在超声检查期间记录临床数据。数据录入Epi Info 7并使用SPSS 20版进行分析。应用二元逻辑回归检测风险因素与无脑儿发生之间的关联。
无脑儿的发病率为3.3/1000次妊娠。多因素逻辑回归模型表明，26至30岁的产妇年龄以及孕期咀嚼恰特草与无脑儿显著相关（比值比分别为0.13，95%置信区间0.02 - 0.97，P = 0.046；以及比值比3.571，95%置信区间1.06 - 12.06，P = 0.04）。孕期接触斑疹伤寒和伤寒以及使用降压药也作为无脑儿风险因素与无脑儿显著相关。此外，脊柱裂与无脑儿同时发生具有显著性（P<0.05）。
提示孕期接触如咀嚼恰特草等风险因素可能易患无脑儿。
