Belayhun Yitagesu, Kassa Yibeltal, Mekonnen Niguse, Binu Wakgari, Tenga Mahilet, Duko Bereket
Health Development Planning and Economic Administration, South Nations Nationalities and People Regional State Health Bureau, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.
Int J Hypertens. 2021 Oct 28;2021:6947499. doi: 10.1155/2021/6947499. eCollection 2021.
It has been estimated that approximately 14% of maternal death has resulted due to pregnancy-induced hypertension. Evidence also suggests that pregnancy-induced hypertension may result in adverse maternal and child outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the determinants of pregnancy-induced hypertension among mothers attending antenatal and delivery services at public health hospitals in Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia.
An institutionally based unmatched case-control study was conducted at three public hospitals. A total of 283 study participants were recruited for this study. Cases were selected consecutively as they were being diagnosed for pregnancy-induced hypertension, and two controls were selected for each case. Data were collected via the face-to-face interview technique using a pretested questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent predictor variables and produced odds ratio (OR) as a measure of association.
The mean ± (SD) ages of cases and controls were 26.1 ± 5.4 and 26.1 ± 4.5 years, respectively. Being rural residents (AOR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.09-4.65), illiterate (AOR: 3.12, 95% CI: 1.20-8.08), having the history of pregnancy-induced hypertension (AOR: 6.62, 95% CI: 2.48-17.71), history of kidney disease (AOR: 3.14, 95% CI: 1.05-9.38), and family history of hypertension (AOR: 5.59, 95% CI: 2.73-11.45) were determinants that increased the odds of suffering from hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. More importantly, eating vegetables and fruit reduces the odds of suffering from pregnancy-induced hypertension by 77% (AOR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.06-0.79).
Being rural residents, illiterate, having a history of pregnancy-induced hypertension, and history of kidney disease, as well as the family history of hypertension were identified determinates of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in the study area. Furthermore, fruit and vegetable intakes were identified as protective factors for pregnancy-induced hypertension. Therefore, early diagnosis and intervention of this disorder are warranted to reduce adverse outcomes.
据估计，约14%的孕产妇死亡是由妊娠高血压综合征所致。有证据还表明，妊娠高血压综合征可能导致不良的母婴结局。本研究的目的是评估埃塞俄比亚南部沃莱塔地区公立医院接受产前和分娩服务的母亲中妊娠高血压综合征的决定因素。
在三家公立医院开展了一项基于机构的非匹配病例对照研究。本研究共招募了283名研究参与者。病例为连续入选，即被诊断为妊娠高血压综合征的患者，每个病例选取两名对照。通过面对面访谈技术，使用经过预测试的问卷收集数据。采用无条件逻辑回归分析来确定独立预测变量，并生成比值比（OR）作为关联度的衡量指标。
病例组和对照组的平均年龄（标准差）分别为26.1±5.4岁和26.1±4.5岁。农村居民（调整后比值比：2.25，95%置信区间：1.09 - 4.65）、文盲（调整后比值比：3.12，95%置信区间：1.20 - 8.08）、有妊娠高血压综合征病史（调整后比值比：6.62，95%置信区间：2.48 - 17.71）、有肾脏疾病史（调整后比值比：3.14，95%置信区间：1.05 - 9.38）以及有高血压家族史（调整后比值比：5.59，95%置信区间：2.73 - 11.45）是增加妊娠高血压疾病患病几率的决定因素。更重要的是，食用蔬菜和水果可使患妊娠高血压综合征的几率降低77%（调整后比值比：0.23，95%置信区间：0.06 - 0.79）。
农村居民、文盲、有妊娠高血压综合征病史、有肾脏疾病史以及有高血压家族史被确定为研究地区妊娠高血压疾病的决定因素。此外，水果和蔬菜摄入被确定为妊娠高血压综合征的保护因素。因此，有必要对该疾病进行早期诊断和干预，以减少不良结局。
