Aljohani Wasayf, Algohani Llojun, Alzahrani Anas, Bazuhair Mowaddah, Bawakid Afnan, Aljuid Latifa, Al-Ahdal Amin
Medicine, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, SAU.
Dentistry, Ibn Sina National College, Jeddah, SAU.
Cureus. 2021 Oct 2;13(10):e18447. doi: 10.7759/cureus.18447. eCollection 2021 Oct.
Introduction Diabetes is one of the most common endocrine diseases worldwide. Type 2 diabetes and depression are commonly comorbid, high-prevalence, chronic disorders. Individuals with diabetes mellitus may have concurrent mental health disorders and are shown to have poorer disease outcomes. However, the evidence for clinical correlation is still unclear. Objectives To find the prevalence of depression among patients with type 2 diabetes at King Abdullah Medical City (KAMC). Materials and methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at KAMC in Makkah, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Study participants were 267 people with type 2 diabetes (aged between 18-70 years). Those who had preexisting depression or drank alcohol, pregnant women, and postpartum women were excluded from the study. Participants' clinical and demographic data and depression assessment were obtained on phone through an interview and using the Arabic version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), respectively. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) test results of participants were collected electronically. Results The participants' mean age was 57.88 ± 8.71 years, and 64.4% were males. Only 15.4% were current smokers and 16.9% were ex-smokers. The most common medical condition was hypertension (65.2%) and the majority (92.1%) had uncontrolled HbA1c with a mean value of 8.37 ± 1.92. Among the studied patients, 73% suffered from different degrees of depression; 36%, 19.9%, 8.6%, 5.2%, and 3.4% of the participants were suffering from minimal, mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe depression, respectively. Only neuropathy was a significant risk factor of depression (odds ratio=2.87, 95% confidence interval=1.18-6.97, p=0.02). Conclusion Depressive symptoms are common in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes who also suffer from neuropathy and retinopathy. Hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and unhealthy diet had a significant correlation with depression.
引言
糖尿病是全球最常见的内分泌疾病之一。2型糖尿病和抑郁症通常并存，是高发性慢性疾病。糖尿病患者可能同时患有精神健康障碍，且疾病预后较差。然而，临床相关性的证据仍不明确。
目的
确定阿卜杜拉国王医疗城（KAMC）2型糖尿病患者中抑郁症的患病率。
材料与方法
在沙特阿拉伯王国麦加的KAMC进行了一项横断面观察性研究。研究参与者为267名2型糖尿病患者（年龄在18至70岁之间）。患有既往抑郁症、饮酒者、孕妇和产后妇女被排除在研究之外。分别通过电话访谈和使用阿拉伯语版患者健康问卷9（PHQ-9）获取参与者的临床和人口统计学数据以及抑郁症评估结果。通过电子方式收集参与者的糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）检测结果。
结果
参与者的平均年龄为57.88±8.71岁，64.4%为男性。目前吸烟者仅占15.4%，既往吸烟者占16.9%。最常见的疾病是高血压（65.2%），大多数（92.1%）的HbA1c未得到控制，平均值为8.37±1.92。在研究患者中，73%患有不同程度的抑郁症；分别有36%、19.9%、8.6%、5.2%和3.4%的参与者患有轻度、中度、中重度和重度抑郁症。只有神经病变是抑郁症的显著危险因素（比值比=2.87，95%置信区间=1.18-6.97，p=0.02）。
结论
未得到控制的2型糖尿病患者中抑郁症状常见，这些患者还患有神经病变和视网膜病变。高血压、心血管疾病和不健康饮食与抑郁症有显著相关性。
