Experimental Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Ergonomics. 2022 Jul;65(7):899-914. doi: 10.1080/00140139.2021.2003871. Epub 2021 Dec 2.
The replacement of rear-view mirrors with camera-monitor systems introduces new opportunities for design, such as altering the image quality and the rearward field-of-view. We investigated how the image quality and field-of-view might affect the distance and time-to-contact estimation of other vehicles. Eighty-six subjects estimated either their egocentric distance to a stationary vehicle (Experiment I) or the time-to-contact to an approaching vehicle (Experiment II). Throughout the experiments, the pixel density and either the field-of-view or the viewing condition varied. A larger field-of-view increased distance estimation accuracy and confidence. Reduced pixel density led to larger estimates. In contrast, reduced pixel density and simulated dirt shortened time-to-contact estimates. This is compatible with a safety strategy applied under conditions of impaired vision. Moreover, a limited benefit was observed for higher pixel densities. Therefore, camera-monitor systems with large field-of-view and a pixel density of around 300 ppi could ensure accurate TTC and distance estimation. A camera's field-of-view and image quality are important parameters for camera-monitor systems. In two experiments, we investigated the effects of these two parameters on rearward distance and time-to-contact estimation. Whereas a larger field-of-view improved distance estimation accuracy, increasing the pixel density had a limited effect in the estimation of time-to-contact.
后视镜被摄像监控系统取代，为设计带来了新的机遇，例如改变图像质量和后视视野。我们研究了图像质量和视野如何影响对其他车辆的距离和到达时间估计。86 名受试者估计了与静止车辆的自身距离（实验 I）或与接近车辆的到达时间（实验 II）。在整个实验过程中，像素密度和视野或观察条件发生了变化。更大的视野增加了距离估计的准确性和信心。减少像素密度会导致更大的估计值。相比之下，减少像素密度和模拟污垢会缩短到达时间的估计值。这与在视力受损的情况下应用的安全策略相兼容。此外，较高的像素密度也只能带来有限的益处。因此，具有大视野和大约 300 ppi 像素密度的摄像监控系统可以确保准确的 TTC 和距离估计。视野和图像质量是摄像监控系统的重要参数。在两个实验中，我们研究了这两个参数对向后距离和到达时间估计的影响。较大的视野提高了距离估计的准确性，而增加像素密度对到达时间的估计影响有限。
