Ehlers Shawn G, Field William E
Purdue University.
J Agric Saf Health. 2017 Jul 31;23(3):183-201. doi: 10.13031/jash.12034.
This study concerned the ability of operators of tractors and other self-propelled agricultural machinery to visually recognize objects and/or hazards within close proximity to the rear of those machines and/or any implements in tow, especially when backing up. It was hypothesized that the data collected would identify the factors affecting rearward visibility and help determine the effectiveness of two backup-assisting devices (i.e., mirrors and camera systems) in enhancing the operator's ability to observe objects or hazards. The study's experimental design involved the following: (1) selecting nine self-propelled machines for testing (five tractors of varying sizes, a combine, a sprayer, a skid steer loader, and a UTV); (2) laying out a five cell by five cell test grid behind each machine, with an indicator pole centered in each cell; (3) positioning the mirrors (exterior/interior) and camera system (camera and display monitor) for maximum visibility; and (4) collecting images from a 50th percentile male operator's eye midpoint position. The findings were recorded graphically onto a master grid for the backup-assisting devices (both individually and in combination) on each machine. Analysis of the results confirmed that various issues related to the machines impact the effectiveness of mirrors and camera systems in enhancing rearward visibility. Among them are the operator station's design and configuration, seat adjustability, optional accessories, exterior lighting, type of implement in tow, hitching method, and highway transport mode. These findings led to recommendations relative to each of the mirrors and camera systems, as well as observations of operator interactions with accessories and perceived effects on the operator's ability to view obstructed areas in close proximity to the machinery.
本研究关注拖拉机及其他自行式农业机械的操作人员在倒车时，对紧邻机器后方和/或所牵引农具附近的物体和/或危险的视觉识别能力。研究假设所收集的数据将识别影响后方视野的因素，并有助于确定两种倒车辅助装置（即后视镜和摄像系统）在增强操作人员观察物体或危险能力方面的有效性。该研究的实验设计包括以下内容：（1）选择九台自行式机器进行测试（五台不同尺寸的拖拉机、一台联合收割机、一台喷雾器、一台滑移转向装载机和一辆多功能车）；（2）在每台机器后方布置一个5×5的测试网格，每个网格中心放置一根指示杆；（3）调整后视镜（外部/内部）和摄像系统（摄像头和显示监视器）的位置以获得最大视野；（4）从第50百分位男性操作人员的眼睛中点位置采集图像。研究结果以图形方式记录在每台机器倒车辅助装置（单独和组合）的主网格上。结果分析证实，与机器相关的各种问题会影响后视镜和摄像系统增强后方视野的有效性。其中包括操作员站的设计和配置、座椅可调节性、可选配件、外部照明、所牵引农具的类型、连接方式以及公路运输模式。这些研究结果针对每个后视镜和摄像系统提出了建议，同时也观察了操作员与配件的交互情况以及对操作员观察机器附近受阻区域能力的感知影响。
