Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
J Basic Microbiol. 2022 Sep;62(9):1125-1142. doi: 10.1002/jobm.202100459. Epub 2021 Nov 8.
The wide diversity of cyanobacterial species and their role in a variety of biological activities have been reported in the previous few years. Cyanobacteria, especially from marine sources, constitutes a major source of biologically active metabolites that have gained great attention especially due to their anticancer potential. Numerous chemically diverse metabolites from various cyanobacterial species have been recognized to inhibit the growth and progression of tumor cells through the induction of apoptosis in many different types of cancers. These metabolites activate the apoptosis in the cancer cells by different molecular mechanisms, however, the dysregulation of the mitochondrial pathway, death receptors signaling pathways, and the activation of several caspases are the crucial mechanisms that got considerable interest. The array of metabolites and the range of mechanisms involved may also help to overcome the resistance acquired by the different tumor types against the ongoing therapeutic agents. Therefore, the primary or secondary metabolites from the cyanobacteria as well as their synthetic derivates could be used to develop novel anticancer drugs alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, we have discussed the role of cyanobacterial metabolites in the induction of cytotoxicity and the potential to inhibit the growth of cancer cells through the induction of apoptosis, cell signaling alteration, oxidative damage, and mitochondrial dysfunctions. Moreover, the various metabolites produced by cyanobacteria have been summarized with their anticancer mechanisms. Furthermore, the ongoing trials and future developments for the therapeutic implications of these compounds in cancer therapy have been discussed.
在过去的几年中，已经报道了蓝藻物种的广泛多样性及其在各种生物活性中的作用。蓝藻，特别是来自海洋的蓝藻，构成了具有生物活性代谢物的主要来源，这些代谢物因其抗癌潜力而受到极大关注。已经认识到来自各种蓝藻物种的许多化学上不同的代谢物通过诱导许多不同类型的癌症中的细胞凋亡来抑制肿瘤细胞的生长和进展。这些代谢物通过不同的分子机制在癌细胞中激活细胞凋亡，但是，线粒体途径、死亡受体信号通路的失调以及几种半胱天冬酶的激活是引起相当关注的关键机制。代谢物的种类和涉及的机制范围也可能有助于克服不同肿瘤类型对正在进行的治疗药物的获得性耐药性。因此，蓝藻的初级或次级代谢物及其合成衍生物可单独或与其他化疗药物联合用于开发新型抗癌药物。在这项研究中，我们讨论了蓝藻代谢物在诱导细胞毒性以及通过诱导细胞凋亡、细胞信号改变、氧化损伤和线粒体功能障碍来抑制癌细胞生长方面的作用。此外，还总结了蓝藻产生的各种代谢物及其抗癌机制。此外，还讨论了这些化合物在癌症治疗中的治疗意义的正在进行的试验和未来发展。
