Harayashiki Cyntia Ayumi Yokota, Sadauskas-Henrique Helen, de Souza-Bastos Luciana Rodrigues, Gouveia Nayara, Luna Ana Julya, Ostrensky Antonio, Castro Italo Braga
Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (IMAR-UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil.
Laboratório de Organismos Marinhos e Costeiros (LABOMAC), Universidade Santa Cecília (Unisanta), Santos, SP, Brazil.
Ecotoxicology. 2022 Jan;31(1):124-133. doi: 10.1007/s10646-021-02496-1. Epub 2021 Nov 8.
Aquatic organisms that inhabit coastal areas are often exposed to several contaminants. It is known that the bioaccumulation of contaminants can be amplified according to the species feeding habits and contaminant properties. As a consequence, species can experience different effects to contaminant exposure even if they inhabit the same area. The present study aimed to investigate the activities of carbonic anhydrase (CA), Ca-ATPase, and Mg-ATPase in different tissues (soft tissue, mantle, and gill) of three mollusk species (Lottia subrugosa, Stramonita brasiliensis, and Crassostrea brasiliana) with different feeding habits (herbivore, carnivore, and filter-feeder, respectively) which were sampled within a known contamination gradient at Santos Estuarine System (Southeastern Brazil). From the three enzymes tested, only CA was affected by the presence of contaminants within the contamination gradient evaluated. In general, the CA activity from the three species were lower in contaminated sites when compared to the reference site. The contrasting CA activity response observed in S. brasiliensis compared to L. subrugosa and C. brasiliana could be related to the tissue-specificity of this enzyme activity and species feeding habits (filter-feeders can accumulate more contaminants than herbivores and even carnivores). Results indicated that C. brasiliana mantle is the most suitable tissue for the use of CA analysis as a biomarker.
栖息在沿海地区的水生生物常常会接触到多种污染物。众所周知，污染物的生物累积会根据物种的摄食习性和污染物特性而放大。因此，即使生活在同一区域，不同物种对污染物暴露的反应也可能不同。本研究旨在调查三种具有不同摄食习性（分别为草食性、肉食性和滤食性）的软体动物物种（细纹盘鲍、巴西织纹螺和巴西牡蛎）在不同组织（软组织、外套膜和鳃）中的碳酸酐酶（CA）、钙 - ATP酶和镁 - ATP酶的活性。这些样本是在巴西东南部桑托斯河口系统已知的污染梯度范围内采集的。在所测试的三种酶中，在评估的污染梯度范围内，只有CA受到污染物存在的影响。总体而言，与对照站点相比，受污染站点中这三个物种的CA活性较低。与细纹盘鲍和巴西牡蛎相比，在巴西织纹螺中观察到的CA活性反应差异可能与该酶活性的组织特异性和物种摄食习性有关（滤食性动物比草食性动物甚至肉食性动物能积累更多污染物）。结果表明，巴西牡蛎的外套膜是将CA分析用作生物标志物的最合适组织。
