Surgical Management of Congenital Pseudoarthrosis of the Clavicle: A Review of Current Concepts.

Nowadays, surgical intervention is an accepted treatment for congenital pseudoarthrosis of the clavicle (CPC). The purpose of this literature review is to evaluate the current body of evidence for methods and outcomes of surgical intervention for CPC. CPC is a rare deformity of the middle third of the clavicle not often identified until three to five years of age, at which time surgery is often recommended. The most common indication for surgery is cosmetic appearance, but other indications include pain, shoulder dysfunction, and prevention of complications later in life. Surgical intervention involves the resection and excision of the pseudoarthrosis, bone grafting (most commonly autologous tissue from the iliac crest), and internal fixation using plates or Kirschner wires (K-wires). Plate fixation tends to have fewer complications and better long-term outcomes. Following surgery, outcomes include satisfaction with cosmetic appearance, decreased pain, and improved shoulder function.