Dashti Alejandro, Rivero-Juárez Antonio, Santín Mónica, George Nadja S, Köster Pamela C, López-López Pedro, Risalde María A, García-Bocanegra Ignacio, Gómez-Villamandos Jose Carlos, Caballero-Gómez Javier, Frías Mario, Bailo Begoña, Ortega Sheila, Muadica Aly Salimo, Calero-Bernal Rafael, González-Barrio David, Rivero Antonio, Briz Verónica, Carmena David
Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Madrid, Spain.
Infectious Diseases Unit. Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University Hospital Reina Sofía. University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2022 Jul;69(4):e1051-e1064. doi: 10.1111/tbed.14388. Epub 2021 Nov 24.
Numerous protist species are shared between humans and pigs. Among those, Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp. and Balantioides coli have a clear public and animal health significance. For others such as Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Blastocystis sp., their impact on animal health has not been fully established. Little information is currently available on the molecular diversity of these protists in swine populations. To fill this gap, we molecularly assessed G. duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., B. coli, Blastocystis sp. and E. bieneusi in faecal samples from Iberian and Large White pigs raised under different (intensive and/or extensive) management systems in southern Spain. A total of 151 extensively raised Iberian pigs, 140 intensively raised Iberian pigs, and 184 intensively raised Large White pigs were investigated. Blastocystis sp. was the agent most prevalently found (47.8%), followed by B. coli (45.5%), G. duodenalis (10.7%), E. bieneusi (6.9%), and Cryptosporidium spp. (5.5%). Blastocystis sp. was significantly less prevalent in intensively raised Iberian pigs (22.9%) than in their extensively raised counterparts (51.0%) or in intensively raised Large White pigs (64.1%). A significantly higher prevalence was found for G. duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., and E. bieneusi in Large White pigs than Iberian pigs. Balantioides coli was similarly distributed (40.0-51.1%) in all three investigated swine populations. Sequence analyses revealed the presence of G. duodenalis assemblage E, two Cryptosporidium species (Cryptosporidium scrofarum and Cryptosporidium suis), B. coli (genotypes A and B), Blastocystis sp. (ST1, ST3, and ST5), and E. bieneusi (EbpA, EbpC, EbpD, O, and a novel genotype named PigSpEb2). Novel genotype PigSpEb2 was found alone or in combination with EbpA. Data suggest a widespread exposure to protist enteroparasites in domestic pig populations irrespectively of breed and raising management system. Many of the species/genotypes identified have a zoonotic potential and might represent a public health concern.
人类和猪共有许多原生生物物种。其中，十二指肠贾第虫、隐孢子虫属和结肠小袋纤毛虫具有明确的公共卫生和动物健康意义。对于其他一些物种，如微小隐孢子虫和芽囊原虫，它们对动物健康的影响尚未完全明确。目前关于这些原生生物在猪群中的分子多样性的信息很少。为了填补这一空白，我们对西班牙南部不同（集约化和/或粗放式）管理系统饲养的伊比利亚猪和大白猪粪便样本中的十二指肠贾第虫、隐孢子虫属、结肠小袋纤毛虫、芽囊原虫和微小隐孢子虫进行了分子评估。共调查了151头粗放饲养的伊比利亚猪、140头集约饲养的伊比利亚猪和184头集约饲养的大白猪。芽囊原虫是最常见的病原体（47.8%），其次是结肠小袋纤毛虫（45.5%）、十二指肠贾第虫（10.7%）、微小隐孢子虫（6.9%）和隐孢子虫属（5.5%）。芽囊原虫在集约饲养的伊比利亚猪中的患病率（22.9%）显著低于粗放饲养的伊比利亚猪（51.0%）或集约饲养的大白猪（64.1%）。大白猪中十二指肠贾第虫、隐孢子虫属和微小隐孢子虫的患病率显著高于伊比利亚猪。结肠小袋纤毛虫在所有三个调查猪群中的分布相似（40.0-51.1%）。序列分析显示存在十二指肠贾第虫E群、两种隐孢子虫物种（猪隐孢子虫和猪小袋纤毛虫）、结肠小袋纤毛虫（A和B基因型）、芽囊原虫（ST1、ST3和ST5）和微小隐孢子虫（EbpA、EbpC、EbpD、O以及一个名为PigSpEb2的新基因型）。新基因型PigSpEb2单独出现或与EbpA组合出现。数据表明，无论品种和饲养管理系统如何，家猪群体中普遍暴露于原生动物肠道寄生虫。许多已鉴定的物种/基因型具有人畜共患病潜力，可能代表公共卫生问题。
