Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Seksyen 13, 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2022 Mar 1;285:114787. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114787. Epub 2021 Oct 28.
The sclerotium of Lignosusrhinocerus (Cooke) Ryvarden is highly valued for its purported medicinal properties. The decoction and macerated materials prepared from the sclerotium are used for treating cancer and other ailments based on extensive traditional knowledge. Scientific evidence from in vitro cytototoxicity, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory analyses showed the effectiveness of sclerotial water extracts but toxicity assessment of such preparations has not been reported.
This study aimed to compare the differential toxicity and teratogenicity (if any) of the hot water (HW) and cold water (CW) extracts of both wild and cultivated sclerotium on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos.
Zebrafish embryos were treated with varying concentrations of the sclerotial HW and CW extracts (0.3-500 μg/mL) for 72 h until hatching. The hatching, mortality and heartbeat rate of the embryos as well as the potential teratogenic effect of the extracts were assessed in embryos post-treatment with the extracts.
While the sclerotial HW extracts were nontoxic (LC > 500 μg/mL), the sclerotial CW extracts delayed the hatching of the embryos up to 48 h and showed slight toxicity with LC values of 398.4 μg/mL and 428.3 μg/mL for the cultivated and wild sclerotium, respectively. The sclerotial CW extracts also induced minor tachycardia in zebrafish larvae. Phenotypic assessment revealed that, while yolk sac edema was observed at high concentrations (300 and 500 μg/mL) of all extracts, curved trunk and bent tail were only observed in the embryos treated with CW extracts of wild sclerotium (300 and 500 μg/mL) but not for CW extracts of cultivated sclerotium at similar concentrations.
The sclerotial water extracts of L.rhinocerus prepared using different methods have varying degree of toxicity and teratogenicity in zebrafish embryos with the sclerotial CW extracts showed higher toxicity than the HW extracts.
密纹牛肝菌（Cooke）Ryvarden 的菌核因其据称具有药用特性而备受重视。 根据广泛的传统知识，从菌核中制备的煎剂和浸渍材料被用于治疗癌症和其他疾病。 体外细胞毒性、抗炎和免疫调节分析的科学证据表明菌核水提取物具有有效性，但尚未报道此类制剂的毒性评估。
本研究旨在比较野生和栽培菌核热水（HW）和冷水（CW）提取物的差异毒性和致畸性（如果有）对斑马鱼（Danio rerio）胚胎的影响。
用不同浓度的菌核 HW 和 CW 提取物（0.3-500μg/mL）处理斑马鱼胚胎 72 小时，直到孵化。 在胚胎用提取物处理后，评估胚胎的孵化率、死亡率和心率以及提取物的潜在致畸作用。
菌核 HW 提取物无毒性（LC>500μg/mL），而菌核 CW 提取物延迟胚胎孵化时间长达 48 小时，对栽培菌核和野生菌核的 LC 值分别为 398.4μg/mL 和 428.3μg/mL，表现出轻微毒性。菌核 CW 提取物还引起斑马鱼幼虫轻微心动过速。表型评估显示，虽然在所有提取物的高浓度（300 和 500μg/mL）下观察到卵黄囊水肿，但仅在胚胎用野生菌核 CW 提取物（300 和 500μg/mL）处理时观察到弯曲的躯干和弯曲的尾巴，但在类似浓度下用栽培菌核 CW 提取物处理时未观察到。
用不同方法制备的密纹牛肝菌菌核水提取物在斑马鱼胚胎中具有不同程度的毒性和致畸性，菌核 CW 提取物的毒性高于 HW 提取物。
