NIZO Food Research B.V., Ede, The Netherlands.
Estée Lauder Companies, Melville, New York, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2021 Nov 10;16(11):e0258960. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258960. eCollection 2021.
During aging of human skin, a number of intrinsic and extrinsic factors cause the alteration of the skin's structure, function and cutaneous physiology. Many studies have investigated the influence of the skin microbiome on these alterations, but the molecular mechanisms that dictate the interplay between these factors and the skin microbiome are still not fully understood. To obtain more insight into the connection between the skin microbiome and the human physiological processes involved in skin aging, we performed a systematic study on interconnected pathways of human and bacterial metabolic processes that are known to play a role in skin aging. The bacterial genes in these pathways were subsequently used to create Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), which were applied to screen for presence of defined functionalities in both genomic and metagenomic datasets of skin-associated bacteria. These models were further applied on 16S rRNA gene sequencing data from skin microbiota samples derived from female volunteers of two different age groups (25-28 years ('young') and 59-68 years ('old')). The results show that the main bacterial pathways associated with aging skin are those involved in the production of pigmentation intermediates, fatty acids and ceramides. This study furthermore provides evidence for a relation between skin aging and bacterial enzymes involved in protein glycation. Taken together, the results and insights described in this paper provide new leads for intervening with bacterial processes that are associated with aging of human skin.
在人类皮肤衰老过程中，许多内在和外在因素会导致皮肤结构、功能和皮肤生理学的改变。许多研究已经调查了皮肤微生物组对这些改变的影响，但决定这些因素与皮肤微生物组相互作用的分子机制仍不完全清楚。为了更深入地了解皮肤微生物组与参与皮肤衰老的人类生理过程之间的联系，我们对已知在皮肤衰老中起作用的人类和细菌代谢过程的相互关联途径进行了系统研究。随后，我们将这些途径中的细菌基因用于创建隐马尔可夫模型（HMM），并将其应用于筛选皮肤相关细菌的基因组和宏基因组数据中存在的特定功能。这些模型进一步应用于从两个不同年龄组（25-28 岁（“年轻”）和 59-68 岁（“年老”））的女性志愿者的皮肤微生物组样本的 16S rRNA 基因测序数据。结果表明，与衰老皮肤相关的主要细菌途径是参与产生色素中间体、脂肪酸和神经酰胺的途径。本研究进一步为皮肤老化与参与蛋白质糖基化的细菌酶之间的关系提供了证据。总之，本文所述的结果和见解为干预与人类皮肤衰老相关的细菌过程提供了新的线索。
