Yoshimoto Sanae, Takeuchi Tatsuto
Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University.
Brain Nerve. 2021 Nov;73(11):1243-1248. doi: 10.11477/mf.1416201924.
Visual illusion is a psychological phenomenon characterized by perception that appears to differ from physical reality. Illusory perception persists even though the sufferers are aware of the physical properties of what they are observing. Thus, studying visual illusions has led to an improved understanding of the neural mechanism underlying visual information processing. Visual illusions are important tools in neuroscience. Some brightness illusions, such as the Hermann grid illusion or Chevreul illusion, can be explained by the function of the center-surround antagonistic receptive field of retinal ganglion cells. Additionally, color aftereffects were found to be produced in the retina. In addition, neurons in the primary visual cortex are responsible for the orientation-contingent color aftereffect, known as the McCollough effect. ISI reversal, a visual motion illusion, is known to be caused by a biphasic temporal mechanism located in the retinal or lower visual areas. Higher visual areas are responsible for the production of visual illusions such as the Ponzo illusion, size constancy illusion, or tabletop illusion. These illusions are perceived through the process of achieving size constancy from a two-dimensional retinal image. Thus, both low-level and high-level vision are involved in the perception of visual illusions.
视觉错觉是一种心理现象，其特征是感知似乎与物理现实不同。即使患者意识到他们所观察事物的物理属性，虚幻的感知仍然存在。因此，对视觉错觉的研究有助于增进对视觉信息处理背后神经机制的理解。视觉错觉是神经科学中的重要工具。一些亮度错觉，如赫尔曼格栅错觉或谢弗勒错觉，可以通过视网膜神经节细胞的中心-周边拮抗感受野的功能来解释。此外，发现颜色后效是在视网膜中产生的。此外，初级视觉皮层中的神经元负责产生与方向相关的颜色后效，即麦卡洛效应。ISI反转，一种视觉运动错觉，已知是由位于视网膜或更低视觉区域的双相时间机制引起的。更高层次的视觉区域负责产生诸如庞佐错觉、大小恒常性错觉或桌面错觉等视觉错觉。这些错觉是通过从二维视网膜图像实现大小恒常性的过程而被感知的。因此，低层次和高层次视觉都参与了视觉错觉的感知。
