Zhu Huan, Yang Minna, Loor Juan J, Elolimy Ahmed, Li Lingyan, Xu Chuang, Wang Weidong, Yin Shuxin, Qu Yongli
Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.
College of Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.
Front Nutr. 2021 Oct 25;8:736270. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.736270. eCollection 2021.
Hindgut microorganisms in newborn calves play an important role in the development of immunity and metabolism, and optimization of performance. However, knowledge of the extent to which microbiome colonization of the calf intestine is dependent on maternal characteristics is limited. In this study, placenta, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid, colostrum, cow feces, and calf meconium samples were collected from 6 Holstein cow-calf pairs. Microbial composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing, and maternal transfer characteristics assessed using SourceTracker based on Gibbs sampling to fit the joint distribution using the mean proportions of each sample with meconium as the "sink" and other sample types as different "sources." Alpha and beta diversity analyses revealed sample type-specific microbiome features: microbial composition of the placenta, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid, colostrum, and calf feces were similar, but differed from cow feces ( < 0.05). Compared with profiles of meconium vs. placenta, meconium vs. umbilical cord, and meconium vs. colostrum, differences between the meconium and amniotic fluid were most obvious. SourceTracker analysis revealed that 23.8 ± 2.21% of the meconium OTUs matched those of umbilical cord samples, followed by the meconium-placenta pair (15.57 ± 2.2%), meconium-colostrum pair (14.4 ± 1.9%), and meconium-amniotic fluid pair (11.2 ± 1.7%). The matching ratio between meconium and cow feces was the smallest (10.5 ± 1%). Overall, our data indicated that the composition of the meconium microflora was similar compared with multiple maternal sites including umbilical cord, placenta, colostrum, and amniotic fluid. The umbilical cord microflora seemed to contribute the most to colonization of the fecal microflora of calves. Bacteria with digestive functions such as cellulose decomposition and rumen fermentation were mainly transmitted during the maternal transfer process.
新生犊牛的后肠微生物在免疫、代谢发育及性能优化方面发挥着重要作用。然而，关于犊牛肠道微生物群定植在多大程度上依赖于母体特征的了解有限。在本研究中，从6对荷斯坦奶牛-犊牛中采集了胎盘、脐带、羊水、初乳、母牛粪便和犊牛胎粪样本。通过16S rRNA基因高通量测序分析微生物组成，并使用基于吉布斯采样的SourceTracker评估母体传递特征，以胎粪为“汇”，其他样本类型为不同“源”，拟合联合分布。α和β多样性分析揭示了样本类型特异性的微生物群特征：胎盘、脐带、羊水、初乳和犊牛粪便的微生物组成相似，但与母牛粪便不同（<0.05）。与胎粪与胎盘、胎粪与脐带、胎粪与初乳的图谱相比，胎粪与羊水之间的差异最为明显。SourceTracker分析显示，23.8±2.21%的胎粪OTU与脐带样本的OTU匹配，其次是胎粪-胎盘对（15.57±2.2%）、胎粪-初乳对（14.4±1.9%）和胎粪-羊水对（11.2±1.7%）。胎粪与母牛粪便之间的匹配率最小（10.5±1%）。总体而言，我们的数据表明，与包括脐带、胎盘、初乳和羊水在内的多个母体部位相比，胎粪微生物群的组成相似。脐带微生物群似乎对犊牛粪便微生物群的定植贡献最大。具有纤维素分解和瘤胃发酵等消化功能的细菌主要在母体传递过程中传播。
