Pestana-Santos Marcia, Pestana-Santos Adriana, Santos Margarida Reis, Lomba Lurdes
Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Abel Salazar of Porto University, Porto, Portugal.
Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), Coimbra, Portugal.
Scand J Caring Sci. 2022 Jun;36(2):493-503. doi: 10.1111/scs.13046. Epub 2021 Nov 10.
Perioperative experience can be very distressing in adolescence if not managed properly by healthcare professionals. In the clinical context, the emotional expression of the adolescent is less spontaneous, which makes the assessment of anxiety, pain or even the desire to be involved in the perioperative process, difficult. Listening to their perioperative experiences will permit an understanding of their difficulties and expectations, regardless of the surgical intervention undergone.
To explore the adolescents' perioperative experiences in relation to inpatient and outpatient elective surgery.
Qualitative exploratory study, with thematic analysis approach. A purposive sample of 40 adolescents aged 14-18 years and in the perioperative period, from two paediatric surgery settings in a university hospital, was questioned from January to July 2020. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview and analysed inductively with qualitative thematic analysis.
The data yielded one major theme, five themes, and 14 sub-themes. The major theme, Adolescent in perioperative period, included the five themes: (1) emotional and psychological aspects; (2) physical aspects; (3) social aspects; (4) organizational aspects; (5) previous surgical experience. Adolescents expressed fear of the unknown, anxiety, difficulty in pain control, and feelings of autonomy loss. Issues related to withdrawal from school and friends is also a focus of adolescent concern during the perioperative period. Despite showing satisfaction with the way they were cared for, they complained about the lack of pre- and post-operative preparation.
There are aspects that should be considered when caring for adolescents in perioperative period. As far as possible, programmes to prevent adolescents' anxiety in perioperative period should be designed in a holistic perspective, with aim at the psychological, physical, sociocultural, and organisational aspects.
如果医护人员处理不当，围手术期经历在青少年时期可能会非常痛苦。在临床环境中，青少年的情绪表达不那么自然，这使得评估焦虑、疼痛，甚至参与围手术期过程的意愿都很困难。倾听他们的围手术期经历将有助于了解他们的困难和期望，无论接受何种手术干预。
探讨青少年在住院和门诊择期手术中的围手术期经历。
采用定性探索性研究和主题分析方法。2020年1月至7月，从一家大学医院的两个小儿外科病房选取了40名年龄在14 - 18岁且处于围手术期的青少年作为目的样本进行询问。通过半结构化访谈收集数据，并采用定性主题分析进行归纳分析。
数据产生了一个主要主题、五个主题和14个子主题。主要主题“围手术期的青少年”包括五个主题：（1）情感和心理方面；（2）身体方面；（3）社会方面；（4）组织方面；（5）既往手术经历。青少年表达了对未知的恐惧、焦虑、疼痛控制困难以及自主性丧失的感觉。在围手术期，与缺课和与朋友分离相关的问题也是青少年关注的焦点。尽管他们对所接受的护理方式表示满意，但他们抱怨术前和术后准备不足。
在围手术期护理青少年时应考虑一些方面。应尽可能从整体角度设计预防青少年围手术期焦虑的方案，涵盖心理、身体、社会文化和组织等方面。
