Brase Richard A, Schwab Holly E, Li Lingyun, Spink David C
Laboratory of Organic Analytical Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12237, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA.
Advanced Genomic Technologies Cluster, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12237, USA.
Chemosphere. 2022 Mar;291(Pt 2):132830. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132830. Epub 2021 Nov 8.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are contaminants of global concern due to their persistence and associated negative health effects. Considerable attention has been given to monitoring PFAS in the aquatic environment, however, few investigations have done so using freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates (BMIs). As these bottom-dwelling animals are known to bioconcentrate exogenous pollutants to a high degree, studying their PFAS levels may provide a more integrated view of PFAS contamination in the aquatic environment. In this study, BMIs, sediment, and surface water were collected from two streams in the Hudson River Watershed (one historically-impacted by PFAS) and analyzed for 44 PFAS using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was used to confirm the identities of quantitated analytes. Across all matrices, 17 analytes were detected with PFOA dominating in surface water and PFOS in sediment/BMIs. PFOS bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) were approximately one order of magnitude higher than those of PFOA and ranged from 857 to 5151 L kg across different BMI taxa. While PFAS concentrations in surface water and sediment were not excessively high, elevated levels were still measured in most BMI taxa. This observation suggests that the extent of PFAS contamination in a local system may be severely underestimated if only surface water and sediment are used for monitoring. Moreover, these findings have relevance for human exposure assessment considering BMIs are the primary food source of many fish.
全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）因其持久性及相关的负面健康影响而成为全球关注的污染物。人们对监测水生环境中的PFAS给予了相当多的关注，然而，很少有研究使用淡水底栖大型无脊椎动物（BMI）来进行监测。由于已知这些底栖动物会高度生物浓缩外源污染物，研究它们的PFAS水平可能会提供关于水生环境中PFAS污染的更全面的观点。在本研究中，从哈德逊河流域的两条溪流（其中一条历史上受到PFAS影响）采集了BMI、沉积物和地表水，并使用液相色谱 - 串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）分析了44种PFAS。使用轨道阱高分辨率质谱法（HRMS）来确认定量分析物的身份。在所有基质中，检测到17种分析物，其中全氟辛酸（PFOA）在地表水中占主导地位，全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）在沉积物/BMI中占主导地位。PFOS的生物累积因子（BAF）比PFOA高约一个数量级，在不同的BMI分类群中范围为857至5151 L/kg。虽然地表水和沉积物中的PFAS浓度并不过高，但在大多数BMI分类群中仍检测到升高的水平。这一观察结果表明，如果仅使用地表水和沉积物进行监测，当地系统中PFAS污染的程度可能会被严重低估。此外，考虑到BMI是许多鱼类的主要食物来源，这些发现与人类暴露评估相关。
