Micadei Kaonan, Peterson John P S, Souza Alexandre M, Sarthour Roberto S, Oliveira Ivan S, Landi Gabriel T, Serra Roberto M, Lutz Eric
Institute for Theoretical Physics I, University of Stuttgart, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany.
Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud 150, 22290-180 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Phys Rev Lett. 2021 Oct 29;127(18):180603. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.180603.
Fluctuation theorems are fundamental extensions of the second law of thermodynamics for small systems. Their general validity arbitrarily far from equilibrium makes them invaluable in nonequilibrium physics. So far, experimental studies of quantum fluctuation relations do not account for quantum correlations and quantum coherence, two essential quantum properties. We here apply a novel dynamic Bayesian network approach to experimentally test detailed and integral fully quantum fluctuation theorems for heat exchange between two quantum-correlated thermal spins-1/2 in a nuclear magnetic resonance setup. We concretely verify individual integral fluctuation relations for quantum correlations and quantum coherence, as well as for the sum of all quantum contributions. We further investigate the thermodynamic cost of creating correlations and coherence.
涨落定理是热力学第二定律在小系统中的基本扩展。它们在远离平衡态时的普遍有效性使其在非平衡态物理学中具有极高价值。到目前为止，量子涨落关系的实验研究并未考虑量子关联和量子相干这两个基本量子特性。我们在此应用一种新颖的动态贝叶斯网络方法，在核磁共振装置中对两个量子关联的热自旋 - 1/2之间的热交换进行实验测试，以验证详细的和积分的全量子涨落定理。我们具体验证了关于量子关联、量子相干以及所有量子贡献总和的个体积分涨落关系。我们还进一步研究了产生关联和相干的热力学代价。
