Pinto Joseph A, Araujo Jhajaira M, Gómez Henry L
Escuela de Medicina Humana-Filial Ica, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Panamericana Sur Km. 305, 11004 Ica, Peru.
Centro de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, AUNA-Ideas, Guardia Civil 571, San Borja, Lima 41, Peru.
Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2022 Jan;1877(1):188647. doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188647. Epub 2021 Nov 9.
The composition of the tumor microenvironment is the complex result of the interaction between tumoral and host factors. Since there are several differences in the regulation of gene circuits between sexes, mainly influenced by sex hormones, the tumor-host interaction presents some differences, leading tumors to evolve under different conditions. Nowadays, it is well known the existence of sexual dimorphism in the regulation of the immune system, where women present an improved immunity to various infectious agents and, on the other hand, a higher incidence of autoimmune diseases than men. In oncology, differences in cancer susceptibility, response to treatment, and clinical outcomes between men and women patients are well known. Recently, sex-specific differences have also been reported in mutations in driver genes and the prognostic value of several biomarkers. Sex has been a widely forgotten biomarker in cancer therapy, but it has recently acquired great relevance due to the different results seen in immunotherapy treatment.
肿瘤微环境的组成是肿瘤因素与宿主因素相互作用的复杂结果。由于两性之间基因回路的调控存在若干差异，主要受性激素影响，肿瘤与宿主的相互作用呈现出一些差异，导致肿瘤在不同条件下演变。如今，免疫系统调节中存在性别二态性已为人熟知，女性对各种感染因子的免疫力有所提高，另一方面，自身免疫性疾病的发病率也高于男性。在肿瘤学中，男性和女性患者在癌症易感性、对治疗的反应以及临床结果方面的差异是众所周知的。最近，驱动基因突变和几种生物标志物的预后价值也有性别特异性差异的报道。性别在癌症治疗中一直是一个被广泛遗忘的生物标志物，但由于免疫治疗中出现的不同结果，它最近变得极具相关性。
