Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, UH Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, United States.
Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, United States.
Infant Behav Dev. 2022 Feb;66:101658. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2021.101658. Epub 2021 Nov 9.
Accumulating evidence indicates that individuals possess attachment, or secure base, scripts based on experiences with attachment figures, and these attachment scripts predict important outcomes such as caregiving behaviors and offspring social-emotional adjustment. However, less is known about the association between parents' secure base scripts and child attachment security within at-risk samples, i.e., those known to be at greater risk for insecurity. The current study examined the relation between maternal secure base script representations and child attachment security by extending the use of the Attachment Script Assessment (ASA; Waters & Rodrigues-Doolabh, 2004) to an at-risk sample. One-hundred mother-child pairs from a larger longitudinal study participated; the larger study focused on psychosocial risks related to parenting in a primarily low-income sample. In the present study, overall ASA script scores were first compared with two independent middle-class samples, one from a U.S. study, the other an international study. Scores and statistical patterns were comparable across all samples, indicating that the ASA was successful in tapping into maternal secure base script knowledge in our at-risk sample. The relation between maternal script scores and children's Attachment Q-Set (AQS; Waters, 1995) security scores were examined at ages 1 and 2 years. Dependency scores from the AQS were also included to establish discriminant validity for the script scores. Results indicated that maternal script knowledge predicted child security, while showing no relation to dependency scores. Findings indicate that the ASA can be an important and viable measure for assessing attachment representations in at-risk samples of caregivers.
越来越多的证据表明，个体基于与依恋对象的经历拥有依恋或安全基地脚本，这些安全基地脚本预测了重要的结果，如养育行为和后代的社会情感调整。然而，对于处于风险中的样本（即那些更有可能不安全的样本）中父母的安全基地脚本与儿童依恋安全性之间的关联，我们知之甚少。本研究通过将依恋脚本评估（ASA；Waters & Rodrigues-Doolabh，2004）扩展到一个处于风险中的样本，来检验母亲安全基地脚本的代表与儿童依恋安全性之间的关系。来自一个更大的纵向研究的 100 对母子参与了研究；该更大的研究专注于与主要是低收入样本中的育儿相关的心理社会风险。在本研究中，首先将总体 ASA 脚本得分与两个独立的中产阶级样本进行比较，一个来自美国的研究，另一个来自国际研究。所有样本的得分和统计模式都是可比的，这表明 ASA 成功地挖掘了我们处于风险中的样本中母亲安全基地脚本的知识。在 1 岁和 2 岁时，还检查了母亲脚本得分与儿童依恋 Q 集（AQS；Waters，1995）安全性得分之间的关系。AQS 的依赖得分也包括在内，以建立脚本得分的判别有效性。结果表明，母亲的脚本知识预测了儿童的安全感，而与依赖得分无关。研究结果表明，ASA 可以成为评估处于风险中的照顾者依恋表现的重要和可行的衡量标准。
