Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Department of Head and Neck, Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Oct 29;18(21):11401. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182111401.
Removable partial dentures are a frequently used prosthetic treatment in the elderly population, but different types or RPDs might guarantee different chewing capabilities. In many studies, the relationship between chewing and aging has been reported and it has been shown that efficient chewing can improve the overall quality of life.
In the present study, the relationship between maximum bite force (MBF) and RPDs was studied. A relationship between the body mass index (BMI) and the type of prosthesis was also analyzed.
240 elderly patients, 120 males and 120 females, with bilateral posterior edentulism (class 1 of Kennedy classification) who had been wearing an RPD for at least a year, were recruited. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1: male ( = 60) and female ( = 60) patients with bilateral edentulous areas located posterior to the remaining natural teeth and natural teeth in the opposite dental arch. Group 2: male ( = 60) and female ( = 60) patients with maxillary and mandibular bilateral edentulous areas located posterior to the remaining natural teeth. Their Body Mass Index (BMI) and Maximum bite force (MBF) were measured and compared according to the material and design of their RPD.
In both Groups, patients wearing cobalt-chrome alloy RPDs (Co-Cr-RPD) (Group 1: 20.25 ± 6.7 MBF, < 0.001; Group 2: 16.0 ± 5.7 MBF, < 0.001) had an increased MBF when compared to polymethylmethacrylate RPD (PMMA-RPD) (Group 1: 12.9 ± 3.36 MBF; Group 2: 10.4 + 2.8 MBF), and Valplast RPD (V-RPD) (Group 1: 14.3 ± 4.7 MBF; Group 2: 11.3 ± 3.4 MBF) users. There were no significant differences in bite force between patients wearing PMMA-RPD and V- RPD in both Groups. Patients in Group 2 showed a lower MBF than those in Group 1 (Group 1: 16.05 ± 6.13 MBF; Group 2: 12.6 ± 4.84 MBF; < 0.001).
A reduction in chewing force can lead to choosing softer foods for nutrition, which can lead to an increase in BMI. Our results show that only CoCr-RPD wearers were able to chew consistent food, whereas PMMA- RPD and V-RPD, due to the properties of the materials, their instability, and the possibility of causing pain during mastication, determined a limitation in the choice of food for many of the participants.
可摘局部义齿是老年人中常用的修复治疗方法，但不同类型的 RPD 可能会保证不同的咀嚼能力。在许多研究中，已经报道了咀嚼与衰老之间的关系，并且已经表明有效的咀嚼可以提高整体生活质量。
本研究旨在研究最大咬合力（MBF）与 RPD 之间的关系。还分析了身体质量指数（BMI）与义齿类型之间的关系。
招募了 240 名年龄在 60 岁以上、双侧后牙缺失（Kennedy 分类第 1 类）且至少佩戴 RPD 一年的老年患者，其中男性 120 名，女性 120 名。患者分为两组：第 1 组：男性（ = 60）和女性（ = 60）患者双侧后牙缺失位于剩余天然牙和对侧牙弓的天然牙后面。第 2 组：男性（ = 60）和女性（ = 60）患者上颌和下颌双侧后牙缺失位于剩余天然牙后面。根据 RPD 的材料和设计测量并比较了他们的体重指数（BMI）和最大咬合力（MBF）。
在两组中，佩戴钴铬合金 RPD（Co-Cr-RPD）的患者（第 1 组：20.25 ± 6.7 MBF，<0.001；第 2 组：16.0 ± 5.7 MBF，<0.001）的 MBF 比聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 RPD（PMMA-RPD）（第 1 组：12.9 ± 3.36 MBF；第 2 组：10.4 + 2.8 MBF）和 Valplast RPD（V-RPD）（第 1 组：14.3 ± 4.7 MBF；第 2 组：11.3 ± 3.4 MBF）的患者更高。两组中佩戴 PMMA-RPD 和 V-RPD 的患者之间的咬合力没有差异。第 2 组患者的 MBF 低于第 1 组（第 1 组：16.05 ± 6.13 MBF；第 2 组：12.6 ± 4.84 MBF；<0.001）。
咀嚼力的下降可能导致选择更软的食物来获取营养，从而导致 BMI 增加。我们的结果表明，只有 CoCr-RPD 佩戴者才能咀嚼一致的食物，而 PMMA-RPD 和 V-RPD 由于材料的性质、其不稳定性以及咀嚼时可能引起疼痛的可能性，使许多参与者在食物选择上受到限制。
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