School of Public Health & Community Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, Australia.
Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Science, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Oct 31;18(21):11466. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182111466.
Health impact assessment (HIA) is a tool used to assess the potential health impacts of proposed projects, programs, and policies. The extent of the use of HIAs conducted on health sector proposals, and what they focus on, is currently largely undocumented. This paper reviews HIAs conducted on health sector proposals, their characteristics and describes the settings in which they were conducted.
A systematic review was conducted, including peer-reviewed journals and grey literature utilizing keywords, synonyms, and subject headings relevant to HIA and the health sector. Eligibility criteria were independently applied to the identified works and data appraisal conducted using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative checklist tool.
19 HIAs were identified and included in the review, including 13 rapid, three intermediate, and two comprehensive HIAs. The HIAs use was evident across a range of health service contexts, though all but one had been conducted in developed countries.
The use of HIAs in the health sector is limited. There were various benefits attributed to the HIAs analysed including and not limited to the allocation of resources, reducing inequalities, and identification of possible negative consequences of a project. There is an opportunity to improve the use and reporting of HIAs across health settings internationally to enhance the consideration of broader determinants of health, influence decision making, and use of evidence in health sector planning for the future.
健康影响评估（HIA）是一种用于评估拟议项目、计划和政策对健康潜在影响的工具。目前，健康部门提案中进行的 HIA 的范围和重点在很大程度上没有记录。本文综述了对健康部门提案进行的 HIA，描述了它们的特征和实施背景。
采用系统综述方法，检索了同行评议期刊和灰色文献，使用了与 HIA 和卫生部门相关的关键词、同义词和主题词。独立应用入选标准，并使用批判性评估技巧计划定性检查表工具进行数据评估。
确定了 19 项 HIA，并将其纳入综述，其中包括 13 项快速、3 项中级和 2 项综合 HIA。HIA 的应用可见于各种卫生服务背景，但除了一个之外，都在发达国家进行。
HIA 在卫生部门的应用有限。分析的 HIA 带来了各种益处，包括但不限于资源分配、减少不平等以及识别项目可能产生的负面影响。有机会在国际上改善 HIA 在各种卫生环境中的使用和报告，以加强对健康决定因素的考虑，影响决策，并在未来的卫生部门规划中使用证据。
