Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Department of Plant Pathology, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India.
Mol Biol Rep. 2022 Jan;49(1):761-772. doi: 10.1007/s11033-021-06922-9. Epub 2021 Nov 12.
Cereals are important crops and are exposed to various types of environmental stresses that affect the overall growth and yield. Among the various abiotic stresses, salt stress is a major environmental factor that influences the genetic, physiological, and biochemical responses of cereal crops. Epigenetic regulation which includes DNA methylation, histone modification, and chromatin remodelling plays an important role in salt stress tolerance. Recent studies in rice genomics have highlighted that the epigenetic changes are heritable and therefore can be considered as molecular signatures. An epigenetic mechanism under salinity induces phenotypic responses involving modulations in gene expression. Association between histone modification and altered DNA methylation patterns and differential gene expression has been evidenced for salt sensitivity in rice and other cereal crops. In addition, epigenetics also creates stress memory that helps the plant to better combat future stress exposure. In the present review, we have discussed epigenetic influences in stress tolerance, adaptation, and evolution processes. Understanding the epigenetic regulation of salinity could help for designing salt-tolerant varieties leading to improved crop productivity.
谷物是重要的作物，它们会受到各种类型的环境压力的影响，这些压力会影响整体生长和产量。在各种非生物胁迫中，盐胁迫是影响谷物作物遗传、生理和生化反应的主要环境因素。表观遗传调控包括 DNA 甲基化、组蛋白修饰和染色质重塑，在耐盐性中起着重要作用。最近的水稻基因组学研究强调了表观遗传变化是可遗传的，因此可以被视为分子特征。盐胁迫下的一种表观遗传机制会诱导表型反应，包括基因表达的调节。组蛋白修饰和改变的 DNA 甲基化模式与差异基因表达之间的关联已在水稻和其他谷物作物的盐敏感性中得到证实。此外，表观遗传还会产生应激记忆，帮助植物更好地应对未来的应激暴露。在本综述中，我们讨论了表观遗传在胁迫耐受、适应和进化过程中的影响。了解盐胁迫的表观遗传调控可以帮助设计耐盐品种，从而提高作物产量。
