Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, Biochemie-Zentrum Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
Plant Reprod. 2018 Dec;31(4):343-355. doi: 10.1007/s00497-018-0343-4. Epub 2018 Jun 26.
Overview of current understanding of epigenetic alterations after abiotic stresses during reproductive development in cereals. Abiotic stresses, including heat, drought, cold, flooding, and salinity, negatively impact crop productivity. Various stages during reproductive development are especially sensitive to environmental stresses, which may lead to complete sterility and severe yield losses. Plants exhibit diverse responses to ameliorate stress damage. Changes in DNA methylation, histone modification as well as regulation of small RNA and long noncoding RNA pathways have been shown to represent key modulators in plant stress responses. During reproductive development in cereals, various protein complexes controlling histone and DNA methylation have been identified, revealing conserved and novel mechanisms regulating abiotic stress responses in cereals and other plant species. New findings highlight the role of transposable elements during stress periods. Here, we review our current understanding of epigenetic stress responses during male and female gametophyte formation (germline development), fertilization, early seed devolvement, and seed maturation in cereals. An integrative model of epigenetic responses during reproductive development in cereals is proposed, emphasizing the role of DNA methylation and histone modifications during abiotic stresses.
非生物胁迫对谷类作物生殖发育过程中表观遗传改变的研究进展概述。非生物胁迫，包括热、干旱、寒冷、洪涝和盐渍等，会对作物的生产力产生负面影响。生殖发育的各个阶段对环境胁迫特别敏感，可能导致完全不育和严重的产量损失。植物表现出多种响应来减轻胁迫损伤。DNA 甲基化、组蛋白修饰以及小 RNA 和长非编码 RNA 通路的调控变化被证明是植物应激反应的关键调节剂。在谷类作物的生殖发育过程中，已经鉴定出各种控制组蛋白和 DNA 甲基化的蛋白质复合物，揭示了在谷类作物和其他植物物种中调节非生物胁迫反应的保守和新机制。新的发现强调了转座元件在胁迫期的作用。在这里，我们综述了我们目前对谷类作物中雌雄配子体形成（生殖系发育）、受精、早期种子发育和种子成熟过程中表观遗传应激反应的理解。提出了一个谷类作物生殖发育过程中表观遗传响应的综合模型，强调了 DNA 甲基化和组蛋白修饰在非生物胁迫下的作用。
