Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Placenta. 2022 Jan;117:78-86. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.10.004. Epub 2021 Oct 14.
The physical connection of mother and offspring during pregnancy allows the bi-directional exchange of a small number of cells through the placenta. These cells, which can persist long-term in the recipient individual are genetically foreign to it and therefore fulfill the principle of microchimerism. Over the last years, pioneer research on microchimeric cells revealed their role in immune adaptation during pregnancy and priming of tolerogenic responses in the progeny. However, the mechanisms involved in cell transfer across the placenta barrier remain poorly investigated. In this review, we summarize the evidence of fetomaternal microchimerism, propose a mechanism for cell trafficking through the placenta and discuss the different models and techniques available for its analysis. Likewise, we aim to generate interest in the use of ex vivo placenta perfusion to investigate microchimerism in physiological and pathological settings.
在妊娠期间，母亲和胎儿之间的物理连接允许通过胎盘双向交换少量细胞。这些细胞在受体内可以长期存在，与受体具有遗传上的异源性，因此符合微嵌合体的原则。在过去的几年中，对微嵌合体细胞的开创性研究揭示了它们在妊娠期间免疫适应和后代中诱导耐受反应中的作用。然而，细胞穿过胎盘屏障的转移机制仍未得到充分研究。在这篇综述中，我们总结了胎儿-母体微嵌合体的证据，提出了一种细胞通过胎盘的迁移机制，并讨论了用于分析胎盘的不同模型和技术。同样，我们旨在引起人们对使用体外胎盘灌注来研究生理和病理状态下微嵌合体的兴趣。
