Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2022 Jan;145:112415. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112415. Epub 2021 Nov 11.
Oxidative stress is considered the main cause of cellular damage in a number of neurodegenerative disorders. One suitable ways to prevent cell damage is the use of the exogenous antioxidant capacity of natural products, such as microalgae. In the present study, four microalgae extracts, isolated from the Persian Gulf, were screened to analyze their potential antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging using ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP methods. The methanolic extracts (D1M) of green microalgae derived from Chlorella sp. exhibited potent free radical scavenging activity. In order to characterize microalgae species, microscopic observations and analysis of the expression of 18S rRNA were performed. The antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of D1M on HO-induced toxicity in PC12 cells were investigated. The results demonstrated that D1M significantly decreased the release of nitric oxide (NO), formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), whereas it enhanced the content of glutathione (GSH), and activity of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and catalase (CAT) in PC12 cells exposed to HO. The pretreatment of D1M improved cell viability as measured by the MTT assay and invert microscopy, reduced cell apoptosis as examined by flow cytometry analysis, increased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and diminished caspase-3 activity. The GC/MS analysis revealed that D1M ingredients have powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds, such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), 2,4-di-tert-butyl-phenol (2,4-DTBP), and phytol. These results suggested that Chlorella sp. extracts have strong potential to be applied as neuroprotective agents, for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
氧化应激被认为是许多神经退行性疾病中细胞损伤的主要原因。预防细胞损伤的一种合适方法是利用天然产物（如微藻）的外源性抗氧化能力。在本研究中，从波斯湾分离出的四种微藻提取物被筛选出来，使用 ABTS、DPPH 和 FRAP 方法分析它们的潜在抗氧化活性和自由基清除能力。绿藻小球藻的甲醇提取物（D1M）表现出很强的自由基清除活性。为了表征微藻物种，进行了显微镜观察和 18S rRNA 表达分析。研究了 D1M 对 HO 诱导的 PC12 细胞毒性的抗氧化和神经保护作用。结果表明，D1M 显著降低了一氧化氮（NO）的释放、细胞内活性氧（ROS）的形成和丙二醛（MDA）的水平，同时增加了谷胱甘肽（GSH）的含量和血红素加氧酶 1（HO-1）、NAD(P)H：醌氧化还原酶 1（NQO1）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性。D1M 的预处理提高了 MTT 测定和倒置显微镜测量的细胞活力，降低了流式细胞术分析检测到的细胞凋亡，增加了线粒体膜电位（MMP），并降低了 caspase-3 活性。GC/MS 分析表明，D1M 成分具有强大的抗氧化和抗炎化合物，如丁基化羟基甲苯（BHT）、2,4-二叔丁基苯酚（2,4-DTBP）和植醇。这些结果表明，小球藻提取物具有很强的潜力，可以作为神经保护剂，用于治疗神经退行性疾病。
