Dos Santos Galvão Luciana, Fernandes Emília Mori Sarti, Ferreira Rafaela Reis, Dos Santos Rosa Derval, Wiebeck Hélio
Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Chemistry and Manufactured Goods - Institute for Technological Research (IPT), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Center for Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social Sciences (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil.
J Hazard Mater. 2022 Feb 15;424(Pt C):127668. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127668. Epub 2021 Nov 6.
The microplastics found in many environments, whether in atmospheric, terrestrial, aquatic marine, or freshwater systems, result from exaggerated consumption of plastics. These, when discarded incorrectly, persist in the environment, and degrade into many forms. Researchers have studied microplastics using many collection and characterization methodologies, yet often obtaining divergent results for the same environments. This study presents a bibliographic review of sampling and characterization methodologies for nano and microplastics in the atmospheric environment. Part I of this review presents sampling types and pre-treatment microplastics found in the air to elucidate the principal means of separating plastic species with consequent polymer identification. In Part II, Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy techniques are evaluated for their precision in microplastic identification. The study demonstrates by a systematic revision that depending on the MPs origin, certain characterization techniques are more appropriate. Considering the direct influence of sample impurities, sample pre-treatment is a critical step for correct chemical identification.
在许多环境中发现的微塑料，无论是在大气、陆地、海洋还是淡水系统中，都是过度消费塑料的结果。这些微塑料如果丢弃不当，会在环境中持续存在，并降解成多种形式。研究人员使用了许多收集和表征方法来研究微塑料，但对于相同的环境，往往会得到不同的结果。本研究对大气环境中纳米塑料和微塑料的采样和表征方法进行了文献综述。本综述的第一部分介绍了在空气中发现的微塑料的采样类型和预处理方法，以阐明分离塑料种类并进行聚合物鉴定的主要方法。在第二部分中，对红外和拉曼光谱技术在微塑料鉴定中的精度进行了评估。该研究通过系统的综述表明，根据微塑料的来源，某些表征技术更合适。考虑到样品杂质的直接影响，样品预处理是正确进行化学鉴定的关键步骤。
