State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China.
College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Jul 1;828:154487. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154487. Epub 2022 Mar 9.
Microplastic pollution in the environment has become a source of concern in recent years. The transport and deposition of suspended atmospheric microplastics play an important role in the global linkage of microplastic sources and sinks. In this review, we summarized recent research progress on sampling devices, pretreatments, and identification methods for atmospheric microplastics. The total suspended particles and atmospheric deposition, including dust, rainfall, and snow samples, are the environmental carriers for atmospheric microplastic studies. There are active and passive sampling methods. Pretreatment depends on sample types and identification methods and includes sieving, digestion, density separation, filtration, and drying. The measured features for atmospheric microplastics include particle size distributions, shapes, colors, surface morphology, and polymer compositions, using stereomicroscopes, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Laser direct infrared spectroscopy and thermochemical methods coupled with mass spectrometry are potential methods for identifying atmospheric microplastics. Currently, models for estimating the fluxes of atmospheric microplastic emission, transport, and deposition are in the initial stages of development; their implementation will enhance our understanding of the "microplastic cycle" globally based on simulated and observed data.
近年来，环境中的微塑料污染已成为人们关注的焦点。悬浮大气微塑料的传输和沉积在全球微塑料源汇的联系中起着重要作用。在这篇综述中，我们总结了大气微塑料采样装置、预处理和鉴定方法的最新研究进展。总悬浮颗粒物和大气沉降物，包括灰尘、降雨和雪样本，是大气微塑料研究的环境载体。有主动和被动采样方法。预处理取决于样品类型和鉴定方法，包括筛分、消化、密度分离、过滤和干燥。大气微塑料的测量特征包括粒径分布、形状、颜色、表面形貌和聚合物组成，使用立体显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、拉曼光谱和液相色谱-串联质谱。激光直接红外光谱和热化学方法与质谱相结合是鉴定大气微塑料的潜在方法。目前，估计大气微塑料排放、传输和沉积通量的模型仍处于发展的初始阶段；它们的实施将基于模拟和观测数据，增强我们对全球“微塑料循环”的理解。
