Department of Psychology, Northwestern University.
Department of Psychology, University of Georgia.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2022 Feb;122(2):202-221. doi: 10.1037/pspa0000287. Epub 2021 Nov 15.
Risk-taking is sometimes admired and sometimes disparaged. In this research, we examine previously unexplored questions concerning how membership in social groups is related to expectations and perceptions of risk-taking. We propose that prototypes of risk-takers incorporate racial associations. We conducted five studies ( = 1,603, predominantly White residents of the United States) examining whether prototypes of risk-takers-primarily reckless and responsible ones-activate racial stereotypes and discrimination. We first focused on whether participants perceive Black (vs. White) men as more likely to engage in risk-taking, broadly construed (Study 1). Next, we tested whether the trait attributions (Studies 2 and 3) and mental images constructed with the reverse correlation task (Study 3) of reckless risk-takers are more stereotypically Black (and less White) than responsible risk-takers. In Study 4, we employed an investment game to investigate participants' willingness to trust targets we depicted using the racialized mental images of reckless and responsible risk-takers derived from Study 3. A final study examined whether thinking about reckless risk-takers evokes Black stereotypes broadly, including even positive stereotype content. Findings confirmed that reckless risk-takers were imagined as more phenotypically Black and as having more stereotypically Black traits (both positive and negative), compared with responsible risk-takers. Theoretical and practical implications for this novel stereotype content in the domain of risk are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
冒险有时受到赞赏，有时则受到贬低。在这项研究中，我们探讨了以前未涉及的问题，即社会群体成员资格与对冒险的期望和看法有何关系。我们提出，冒险者的原型包含种族关联。我们进行了五项研究（n=1603，主要是美国的白人居民），以检验冒险者的原型——主要是鲁莽的和负责任的原型——是否会激活种族刻板印象和歧视。我们首先关注的是参与者是否认为黑人（与白人相比）男性更有可能从事冒险行为（广义上的）（研究 1）。接下来，我们测试了鲁莽的冒险者的特质归因（研究 2 和 3）和反向相关任务构建的心理图像（研究 3）是否比负责任的冒险者更具刻板的黑人特征（更少的白人特征）。在研究 4 中，我们使用投资游戏来研究参与者对我们使用鲁莽和负责任的冒险者的种族化心理图像描绘的目标的信任意愿。最后一项研究考察了思考鲁莽的冒险者是否会引发广泛的黑人刻板印象，包括甚至是积极的刻板印象内容。研究结果证实，与负责任的冒险者相比，鲁莽的冒险者被想象为更具表型黑人特征，并且具有更刻板的黑人特质（既有积极的也有消极的）。讨论了这种风险领域的新刻板印象内容的理论和实践意义。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2022 APA，保留所有权利）。
