Physical Therapy, Speech and Occupational Therapy Department, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Am J Sports Med. 2022 Jan;50(1):248-254. doi: 10.1177/03635465211056329. Epub 2021 Nov 17.
Running carries the risk of several types of running-related injuries (RRIs), especially in the lower limbs. The variety of risk factors and the lack of strong evidence for several of these injury risks hinder the ability to draw assertive conclusions about them, hampering the implementation of effective preventive strategies. Because the etiology of RRIs seems to be multifactorial, the presence of RRI risk factors might influence the outcome of therapeutic strategies in different ways. Thus, further investigations on how risk and protective factors influence the incidence and prevention of RRIs should be conducted.
To investigate the predictive effect of well-known risk factors and 1 protective factor-foot-core training-on the incidence of lower limb RRIs in recreational runners.
Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.
Middle- and long-distance recreational runners (N = 118) were assessed at baseline and randomly allocated to either an intervention group (n = 57) or a control group (n = 61). The intervention group underwent an 8-week (3 times/wk) foot-core training program. Participants were followed for a year after baseline assessment for the occurrence of RRIs. Logistic regression with backward elimination of variables was used to develop a model for prediction of RRI in recreational runners. Candidate predictor variables included age, sex, body mass index, years of running practice, number of races, training volume, training frequency, previous RRI, and the foot-core exercise training.
The final logistic regression model included 3 variables. As previously shown, the foot-core exercise program is a protective factor for RRIs (odds ratio, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.15-0.98). In addition, older age (odds ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.00-1.14) and higher training volume (odds ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00-1.03) were risk factors for RRIs.
The foot-core training was identified as a protective effect against lower limb RRI, which can be negatively influenced by older age and higher weekly training volume. The predictive model showed that RRIs should be considered a multivariate entity owing to the interaction among several factors.
NCT02306148 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
跑步会带来几种与跑步相关的损伤（RRIs）的风险，尤其是在下肢。由于多种风险因素的存在，以及对其中一些损伤风险缺乏强有力的证据，使得我们难以对此做出明确的结论，从而阻碍了有效预防策略的实施。由于 RRIs 的病因似乎是多因素的，因此 RRI 风险因素的存在可能会以不同的方式影响治疗策略的结果。因此，应该进一步研究风险和保护因素如何影响 RRIs 的发生率和预防。
研究已知风险因素和 1 个保护因素——足部核心训练，对休闲跑者下肢 RRIs 发生率的预测作用。
队列研究；证据水平，2 级。
对 118 名中长跑休闲跑者进行基线评估，并随机分为干预组（n=57）和对照组（n=61）。干预组接受了 8 周（每周 3 次）的足部核心训练计划。在基线评估后的 1 年内，对参与者进行随访，以了解 RRIs 的发生情况。采用向后逐步变量消除的逻辑回归方法，建立预测休闲跑者 RRI 的模型。候选预测变量包括年龄、性别、体重指数、跑步年限、参赛次数、训练量、训练频率、既往 RRI 和足部核心运动训练。
最终的逻辑回归模型包括 3 个变量。如前所述，足部核心运动训练是 RRIs 的保护因素（比值比，0.40；95%CI，0.15-0.98）。此外，年龄较大（比值比，1.07；95%CI，1.00-1.14）和较高的训练量（比值比，1.02；95%CI，1.00-1.03）是 RRIs 的风险因素。
足部核心训练被确定为预防下肢 RRIs 的保护因素，但可能会因年龄较大和每周训练量较高而受到负面影响。预测模型表明，RRIs 应该被视为一种多因素实体，因为几个因素之间存在相互作用。
NCT02306148（ClinicalTrials.gov 标识符）。
