Saleri Lunazzi Clara, Reynaud Amélie J, Thura David
Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5292, Lyon 1 University, Bron, France.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2021 Nov 1;15:715212. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.715212. eCollection 2021.
Recent theories and data suggest that adapted behavior involves economic computations during which multiple trade-offs between reward value, accuracy requirement, energy expenditure, and elapsing time are solved so as to obtain rewards as soon as possible while spending the least possible amount of energy. However, the relative impact of movement energy and duration costs on perceptual decision-making and movement initiation is poorly understood. Here, we tested 31 healthy subjects on a perceptual decision-making task in which they executed reaching movements to report probabilistic choices. In distinct blocks of trials, the reaching duration ("Time" condition) and energy ("Effort" condition) costs were independently varied compared to a "Reference" block, while decision difficulty was maintained similar at the block level. Participants also performed a simple delayed-reaching (DR) task aimed at estimating movement initiation duration in each motor condition. Results in that DR task show that long duration movements extended reaction times (RTs) in most subjects, whereas energy-consuming movements led to mixed effects on RTs. In the decision task, about half of the subjects decreased their decision durations (DDs) in the Time condition, while the impact of energy on DDs were again mixed across subjects. Decision accuracy was overall similar across motor conditions. These results indicate that movement duration and, to a lesser extent, energy expenditure, idiosyncratically affect perceptual decision-making and action initiation. We propose that subjects who shortened their choices in the time-consuming condition of the decision task did so to limit a drop of reward rate.
近期的理论和数据表明，适应性行为涉及经济计算，在此过程中要解决奖励价值、准确性要求、能量消耗和时间流逝之间的多重权衡，以便在消耗尽可能少的能量的同时尽快获得奖励。然而，运动能量和持续时间成本对感知决策和运动发起的相对影响却知之甚少。在这里，我们对31名健康受试者进行了一项感知决策任务测试，他们通过执行伸手动作来报告概率选择。在不同的试验组中，与“参考”组相比，伸手持续时间（“时间”条件）和能量（“努力”条件）成本被独立改变，同时在组块水平上保持决策难度相似。参与者还进行了一项简单的延迟伸手（DR）任务，旨在估计每种运动条件下的运动发起持续时间。DR任务的结果表明，在大多数受试者中，长时间的运动延长了反应时间（RTs），而耗能运动对RTs产生了混合影响。在决策任务中，约一半的受试者在“时间”条件下缩短了他们的决策持续时间（DDs），而能量对DDs的影响在受试者中同样存在差异。各运动条件下的决策准确性总体相似。这些结果表明，运动持续时间以及在较小程度上的能量消耗，会独特地影响感知决策和行动发起。我们认为，在决策任务耗时条件下缩短选择时间的受试者这样做是为了限制奖励率的下降。
