荠蓝油对伴有代谢综合征的原发性高血压患者血管功能的影响：一项随机、安慰剂对照、双盲研究。

The effect of camelina oil on vascular function in essential hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.

作者信息

Bellien Jeremy, Bozec Erwan, Bounoure Frédéric, Khettab Hakim, Malloizel-Delaunay Julie, Skiba Mohamed, Iacob Michèle, Donnadieu Nathalie, Coquard Aude, Morio Béatrice, Laillet Brigitte, Rigaudière Jean-Paul, Chardigny Jean-Michel, Monteil Christelle, Vendeville Cathy, Mercier Alain, Cailleux Anne-Françoise, Blanchard Anne, Amar Jacques, Fezeu Léopold K, Pannier Bruno, Bura-Rivière Alessandra, Boutouyrie Pierre, Joannidès Robinson

机构信息

Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.

Normandie Université, Rouen Normandy University (UNIROUEN), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire CArdiac Research Network on Aortic VAlve and heart faiLure (FHU CARNAVAL), Rouen, France.

出版信息

Am J Clin Nutr. 2022 Mar 4;115(3):694-704. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab374.

DOI:10.1093/ajcn/nqab374

PMID:34791007

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The effects of a dietary supplementation with the vegetable ω-3 α-linolenic acid (ALA) on cardiovascular homeostasis are unclear. In this context, it would be interesting to assess the effects of camelina oil.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess the cardiovascular and metabolic effects of camelina oil in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome.

METHODS

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study, treated essential hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome received, during 6 mo, either cyclodextrin-complexed camelina oil containing ≈ 1.5 g ALA/d (n = 40) or an isocaloric placebo (n = 41), consisting of the same quantity of cyclodextrins and wheat starch. Anthropometric data, plasma lipids, glycemia, insulinemia, creatininemia, TBARs, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and n-3, n-6, and n-9 fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes were measured. Peripheral and central blood pressures, arterial stiffness, carotid intima-media thickness, and brachial artery endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and endothelium-independent dilatation were assessed.

RESULTS

Compared with placebo, camelina oil increased ALA (mean ± SD: 0 ± 0.04 compared with 0.08 ± 0.06%, P <0.001), its elongation product EPA (0 ± 0.5 compared with 0.16 ± 0.65%, P <0.05), and the n-9 gondoic acid (GA; 0 ± 0.04 compared with 0.08 ± 0.04%, P <0.001). No between-group difference was observed for cardiovascular parameters. However, changes in FMD were associated with the magnitude of changes in EPA (r = 0.26, P = 0.03). Compared with placebo, camelina oil increased fasting glycemia (-0.2 ± 0.6 compared with 0.3 ± 0.5 mmol/L, P <0.001) and HOMA-IR index (-0.8 ± 2.5 compared with 0.5 ± 0.9, P <0.01), without affecting plasma lipids, or inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Changes in HOMA-IR index were correlated with the magnitude of changes in GA (r = 0.32, P <0.01). Nutritional intake remained similar between groups.

CONCLUSION

ALA supplementation with camelina oil did not improve vascular function but adversely affected glucose metabolism in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome. Whether this adverse effect on insulin sensitivity is related to GA enrichment, remains to be elucidated.

摘要

背景

膳食补充蔬菜来源的ω-3α-亚麻酸（ALA）对心血管稳态的影响尚不清楚。在此背景下，评估亚麻荠油的作用将很有意义。

目的

本研究旨在评估亚麻荠油对患有代谢综合征的高血压患者的心血管和代谢影响。

方法

在一项双盲、安慰剂对照的随机研究中，患有代谢综合征的原发性高血压患者在6个月期间，分别接受含有约1.5 g ALA/天的环糊精复合亚麻荠油（n = 40）或由相同量的环糊精和小麦淀粉组成的等热量安慰剂（n = 41）。测量人体测量数据、血浆脂质、血糖、胰岛素血症、肌酐血症、硫代巴比妥酸反应物、高敏C反应蛋白以及红细胞膜中的n-3、n-6和n-9脂肪酸。评估外周和中心血压、动脉僵硬度、颈动脉内膜中层厚度以及肱动脉内皮依赖性血流介导的扩张（FMD）和内皮非依赖性扩张。

结果

与安慰剂相比，亚麻荠油增加了ALA（平均值±标准差：0±0.04% 对比0.08±0.06%，P<0.001）、其延长产物二十碳五烯酸（EPA，0±0.5% 对比0.16±0.65%，P<0.05）以及n-9神经酸（GA，0±0.04% 对比0.08±0.04%，P<0.001）。心血管参数在组间未观察到差异。然而，FMD的变化与EPA变化的幅度相关（r = 0.26，P = 0.03）。与安慰剂相比，亚麻荠油增加了空腹血糖（-0.2±0.6 mmol/L对比0.3±0.5 mmol/L，P<0.001）和HOMA-IR指数（-0.8±2.5对比0.5±0.9，P<0.01），而不影响血浆脂质、炎症和氧化应激标志物。HOMA-IR指数的变化与GA变化的幅度相关（r = 0.32，P<0.01）。两组之间的营养摄入量保持相似。