德国急性护理医院、长期护理机构和家庭长期护理护士的健康问题和暴力经历：系统评价。
Health problems and violence experiences of nurses working in acute care hospitals, long-term care facilities, and home-based long-term care in Germany: A systematic review.
机构信息
Working Group Physical Activity-Related Prevention Research, Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-Oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany.
Faculty for Applied Healthcare Sciences, Technical University of Deggendorf, Deggendorf, Germany.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2021 Nov 18;16(11):e0260050. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260050. eCollection 2021.
BACKGROUND
Working in the nursing sector is accompanied by great physical and mental health burdens. Consequently, it is necessary to develop target-oriented, sustainable profession-specific support and health promotion measures for nurses.
OBJECTIVES
The present review aims to give an overview of existing major health problems and violence experiences of nurses in different settings (acute care hospitals, long-term care facilities, and home-based long-term care) in Germany.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and PubPsych and completed by a manual search upon included studies' references and health insurance reports. Articles were included if they had been published after 2010 and provided data on health problems or violence experiences of nurses in at least one care setting.
RESULTS
A total of 29 studies providing data on nurses health problems and/or violence experience were included. Of these, five studies allowed for direct comparison of nurses in the settings. In addition, 14 studies provided data on nursing working in acute care hospitals, ten on nurses working in long-term care facilities, and four studies on home-based long-term care. The studies either conducted a setting-specific approach or provided subgroup data from setting-unspecific studies. The remaining studies did not allow setting-related differentiation of the results. The available results indicate that mental health problems are the highest for nurses in acute care hospitals. Regarding violence experience, nurses working in long-term care facilities appear to be most frequently affected.
CONCLUSION
The state of research on setting-specific differences of nurses' health problems and violence experiences is insufficient. Setting-specific data are necessesary to develop target-group specific and feasible interventions to support the nurses' health and prevention of violence, as well as dealing with violence experiences of nurses.
背景
护理工作伴随着巨大的身心健康负担。因此，有必要为护士开发有针对性的、可持续的专业支持和健康促进措施。
目的
本综述旨在概述德国不同环境（急性护理医院、长期护理机构和家庭式长期护理）中护士的主要健康问题和暴力经历。
方法
在 PubMed 和 PubPsych 上进行了系统的文献检索，并通过纳入研究的参考文献和健康保险报告进行了手动搜索来完成。如果文章发表于 2010 年后，并且提供了关于护士在至少一种护理环境中的健康问题或暴力经历的数据，则将其纳入。
结果
共纳入 29 项研究，提供了关于护士健康问题和/或暴力经历的数据。其中，有五项研究允许对不同环境中的护士进行直接比较。此外，有 14 项研究提供了关于在急性护理医院工作的护士的数据，10 项研究提供了关于在长期护理机构工作的护士的数据，4 项研究提供了关于家庭式长期护理的护士的数据。这些研究要么采用特定环境的方法，要么提供来自非特定环境研究的亚组数据。其余的研究则不允许根据环境对结果进行相关区分。现有的研究结果表明，急性护理医院的护士心理健康问题最高。关于暴力经历，长期护理机构的护士似乎受影响最严重。
结论
关于护士健康问题和暴力经历的特定环境差异的研究现状不足。需要特定环境的数据来制定针对特定群体的可行干预措施，以支持护士的健康，预防暴力，并处理护士的暴力经历。
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