Stollberg Janine, Jonas Eva
Paris-Lodron-Universität Salzburg, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
Paris-Lodron-Universität Salzburg, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
Curr Opin Psychol. 2021 Dec;42:145-150. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.10.004. Epub 2021 Oct 22.
The global climate crisis can be perceived as a threat to existential human needs like control, certainty, and personal existence. These threat appraisals elicit an affective state of individual anxiety - one of the strongest motivators of individual pro-environmental behavior and collective policies and activism. Direct action against a threat is associated with other affective approach-motivated states that help to overcome anxiety: Recent findings show collective emotions of anger, guilt, and 'being moved' increase collective engagement but also show a positive relationship between positive activation and individual behavior. Climate threat furthermore promotes palliative responses, such as ingroup defense, identification with nature, or salient common humanity. Here, collective responses seem to reduce anxiety, and when combined with pro-environmental norms, even promote pro-environmental action.
全球气候危机可被视为对人类生存需求（如掌控感、确定性和个人生存）的一种威胁。这些威胁评估引发了个体焦虑的情感状态——这是个体亲环境行为以及集体政策与行动主义的最强有力动机之一。针对威胁采取的直接行动与其他有助于克服焦虑的情感趋近动机状态相关联：最近的研究结果表明，愤怒、内疚和“被感动”等集体情绪会增强集体参与度，但也显示出积极激活与个体行为之间存在正相关关系。此外，气候威胁还会促使人们做出缓解性反应，例如群体内防御、与自然认同或突出共同人性。在此，集体反应似乎能减轻焦虑，并且与亲环境规范相结合时，甚至能促进亲环境行动。
