Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, PO Box 12 21 20, 68072, Mannheim, Germany.
Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
BMC Psychol. 2021 Nov 18;9(1):181. doi: 10.1186/s40359-021-00682-8.
Tobacco use is the largest preventable cause of diseases and deaths; reducing tobacco intake is, therefore, an urgent public health goal. In recent years, e-cigarettes have been marketed as a 'healthier' alternative to tobacco smoking, whilst product features have evolved tremendously in the meantime. A lively scientific debate has developed regarding the potential benefits and risks of e-cigarettes although, surprisingly, there are few studies investigating the addictive potential of nicotine-containing e-cigarettes. The present work comprises three work packages investigating the addictive potential of e-cigarettes from different perspectives: (1) the neurobiological addictive potential of e-cigarettes; (2) the experience and perception of dependence symptoms among users of e-cigarettes in a social context; and (3) the epidemiological perspective regarding factors influencing the potential for dependence.
Work package I: the neurobiological study will investigate the key elements of addiction in e-cigarettes compared to tobacco cigarettes using neurobiological and neuropsychological correlates associated with craving, incentive motivation, cue reactivity and attentional bias. Work package II: the sociological study part examines self-reports on the experience and perception of dependence symptoms in a social context, using focus group interviews and the analysis of posts in online discussion forums on e-cigarettes. Work package III: the epidemiological study part focuses on tolerance development and the role of psychosocial and product factors by analyzing longitudinal data from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project (ITC).
The present study offers a chosen mix of three methodological approaches, thereby comprehensively examining core symptoms of positive and negative reinforcement in addiction. Whether e-cigarettes are as reinforcing and addictive as combustible tobacco cigarettes is an important public health issue with implications for prevention and treatment programs.
Work package I: Registered at clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04772014. Work package II: Registered at OSF Registries: https://osf.io/dxgya (2021, January 14).
吸烟是导致疾病和死亡的最大可预防原因；因此，减少烟草摄入量是一个紧迫的公共卫生目标。近年来，电子烟作为一种比吸烟更“健康”的替代品而推向市场，与此同时，产品特性也在迅速发展。尽管科学界对电子烟的潜在益处和风险进行了激烈的辩论，但令人惊讶的是，几乎没有研究调查含尼古丁电子烟的成瘾潜力。本研究工作包含三个工作包，从不同角度研究电子烟的成瘾潜力：（1）电子烟的神经生物学成瘾潜力；（2）在社会背景下电子烟使用者对依赖症状的体验和感知；（3）影响依赖潜力的因素的流行病学观点。
工作包一：神经生物学研究将使用与渴望、激励动机、线索反应和注意力偏差相关的神经生物学和神经心理学相关性，比较电子烟与香烟的成瘾关键因素。工作包二：社会学研究部分通过焦点小组访谈和对电子烟在线讨论论坛帖子的分析，在社会背景下检查对依赖症状的体验和感知的自我报告。工作包三：流行病学研究部分侧重于通过分析国际烟草控制政策评估项目（ITC）的纵向数据，研究耐受性发展和心理社会及产品因素的作用。
本研究提供了三种方法的组合，全面检查了成瘾的正性和负性强化的核心症状。电子烟是否与可燃香烟一样具有刺激性和成瘾性，是一个重要的公共卫生问题，对预防和治疗计划具有重要意义。
工作包一：在 clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04772014 注册。工作包二：在 OSF 注册处注册：https://osf.io/dxgya（2021 年 1 月 14 日）。
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