Little Karis, Llorián-Salvador María, Scullion Sarah, Hernández Cristina, Simó-Servat Olga, Del Marco Angel, Bosma Esmeralda, Vargas-Soria Maria, Carranza-Naval Maria Jose, Van Bergen Tine, Galbiati Silvia, Viganò Ilaria, Musi Clara Alice, Schlingemann Reiner, Feyen Jean, Borsello Tiziana, Zerbini Gianpaolo, Klaassen Ingeborg, Garcia-Alloza Monica, Simó Rafael, Stitt Alan W
Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
Vall d'Hebron Research Institute and CIBERDEM (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain.
Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Jan;33(1):50-71. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.10.008. Epub 2021 Nov 15.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with multiple comorbidities, including diabetic retinopathy (DR) and cognitive decline, and T2D patients have a significantly higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Both DR and AD are characterized by a number of pathological mechanisms that coalesce around the neurovascular unit, including neuroinflammation and degeneration, vascular degeneration, and glial activation. Chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance also play a significant role, leading to activation of pathological mechanisms such as increased oxidative stress and the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Understanding these common pathways and the degree to which they occur simultaneously in the brain and retina during diabetes will provide avenues to identify T2D patients at risk of cognitive decline.
2型糖尿病（T2D）与多种合并症相关，包括糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）和认知功能下降，并且T2D患者患阿尔茨海默病（AD）的风险显著更高。DR和AD都具有一些围绕神经血管单元聚集的病理机制特征，包括神经炎症和神经变性、血管变性以及胶质细胞激活。慢性高血糖和胰岛素抵抗也起着重要作用，导致氧化应激增加和晚期糖基化终产物（AGEs）积累等病理机制的激活。了解这些共同途径以及它们在糖尿病期间在大脑和视网膜中同时发生的程度，将为识别有认知功能下降风险的T2D患者提供途径。
