Department of Architecture and Regional Planning, IIT, Kharagpur, India.
Department of the Built Environment, NUS, Singapore.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Jan 15;804:150249. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150249. Epub 2021 Sep 10.
Occupancy schedules and density can have a substantial influence on building plug, lighting, and air conditioning energy usage. In recent years, the study related to occupancy and its impact on building energy consumption has gained momentum and is also promoted by ASHRAE as it has created a multi-disciplinary group to encourage a comprehensive study of occupant behaviour in buildings. Past studies suggest that building systems do not consume the same energy and provide similar Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) to their designed specifications due to inaccurate assumptions of occupants and their behaviour. Supplying ASHRAE 62.1 specified minimum required ventilation based on accurate occupancy may lead to significant air-conditioning energy savings. However, the same strategy is not suitable in the current time since minimum required ventilation may not be sufficient to mitigate the SARS-CoV-2 virus spread in confined spaces. High-temperature cooling augmented with elevated air movement across an acceptable range of velocity can maintain the health and comfort of occupants by providing higher ventilation and without an energy penalty. The analysis of the literature highlights strengths, weaknesses, and key observations about the existing occupancy monitoring and occupancy-based building system control methods to help in the direction of future occupancy-based research.
占用时间表和密度对建筑物的插座、照明和空调能源使用有很大的影响。近年来，与占用及其对建筑能耗的影响相关的研究得到了加强，ASHRAE 也推动了这方面的研究，因为它成立了一个多学科小组，鼓励对建筑物内的居住者行为进行全面研究。过去的研究表明，由于对居住者及其行为的不准确假设，建筑物系统不会消耗相同的能源并提供相同的室内环境质量（IEQ）。根据准确的占用情况提供 ASHRAE 62.1 规定的最小所需通风量可能会导致空调能源的大量节省。然而，由于最小所需通风量可能不足以减轻密闭空间中 SARS-CoV-2 病毒的传播，因此当前这种策略并不适用。在可接受的速度范围内，高温冷却与提高空气流动相结合，可以通过提供更高的通风量而不会产生能源损失来维持居住者的健康和舒适度。对文献的分析突出了现有占用监测和基于占用的建筑系统控制方法的优势、劣势和关键观察结果，有助于未来基于占用的研究。
