Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2022 Feb 15;424(Pt D):127751. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127751. Epub 2021 Nov 10.
As detriments in aquatic environments, microplastics (MPs) have been commonly studied on organisms, but tissue-scale effects of MPs were poorly understood. Discus fish (Symphysodon aequifasciatus), herewith, were exposed to polystyrene MPs (0/20/200 μg/L) for 28 d. We found that MPs significantly inhibited growth performance. MPs were observed in skin, gill and intestine after 14/28-d exposure. MPs bioaccumulation was independent of exposure time, but increased with MPs concentrations. Microbial community diversity of fish gill, but not skin and intestine, in MPs treatments was significantly increased. Bacterial community of MP-treated skin and gill were obviously separated from control. Skin dominant phyla changed from Actinobacteriota to Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Proteobacteria gradually occupied dominance in gill after exposure. Furthermore, MPs-induced skin oxidative stress was demonstrated by the activation of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Skin malondialdehyde also increased and showed significant correlations with four bacterial phyla, e.g., Proteobacteria. Gill Na/K-ATPase activity decreased, strongly correlating to microbial community changes caused by MPs. Intestinal digestive enzymes activity (pepsin, lipase and α-amylase) reduced, revealing correlation with bacterial community especially Fibrobacterota. These results suggest a tissue-specific effect of MPs to microbial community and biomarkers in aquatic organism.
作为水生环境中的有害物质，微塑料（MPs）已广泛研究于生物体，但 MP 对组织水平的影响仍知之甚少。本研究以七彩神仙鱼（Symphysodon aequifasciatus）为实验对象，暴露于聚苯乙烯 MPs（0/20/200μg/L）中 28 天。结果发现 MPs 显著抑制了鱼的生长性能。在暴露 14/28 天后，MPs 在鱼的皮肤、鳃和肠道中被观察到。MPs 的生物积累与暴露时间无关，但随 MPs 浓度的增加而增加。MPs 处理组鱼鳃的微生物群落多样性显著增加，而皮肤和肠道的多样性则没有显著变化。MPs 处理组鱼鳃的细菌群落与对照组明显分离。暴露后，皮肤的优势菌群从放线菌门（Actinobacteriota）转变为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）。此外，暴露导致鱼皮肤的氧化应激，表现为超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的激活。皮肤丙二醛（MDA）也增加，并与四个细菌门（如 Proteobacteria）呈显著相关。鳃 Na/K-ATP 酶活性降低，与 MPs 引起的微生物群落变化密切相关。肠道消化酶活性（胃蛋白酶、脂肪酶和α-淀粉酶）降低，与细菌群落特别是纤维杆菌门（Fibrobacterota）相关。这些结果表明 MPs 对水生生物的微生物群落和生物标志物具有组织特异性影响。
