Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA.
Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA.
Stress Health. 2022 Aug;38(3):556-567. doi: 10.1002/smi.3117. Epub 2021 Nov 29.
Anniversaries of traumatic events are associated with increased symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety, especially in individuals with prior mental health symptoms. However, research has largely focussed on 1-year anniversaries, and it is unclear whether symptom exacerbation persists for more distal, or milestone, anniversaries. Symptoms typically decrease over time after traumatic events, but major anniversaries may be associated with increases in mental health symptoms. During and 3 months after the 50th anniversary of the political protest violence at Kent State University on May 4, 1970, 115 individuals completed measures of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and anniversary-related stress. Participants reported greater stress (t(97) = 4.04 p ≤ .001) during the 50th anniversary compared to 3 months later, but there were no differences in total PTSD (t(114) = .65, p = .52) or depression/anxiety symptoms (all p's > .05). Even in higher-risk individuals (those who previously received mental health services), symptoms did not differ during versus after the anniversary. In general, long-term anniversaries may contribute to transient increases in distress but do not induce major changes in mental health symptoms.
创伤事件周年纪念日与创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）、抑郁和焦虑症状的增加有关，尤其是在有先前心理健康症状的个体中。然而，研究主要集中在 1 周年纪念日，目前尚不清楚症状是否会在更远的或里程碑式的周年纪念日持续恶化。创伤事件后，症状通常会随时间逐渐减轻，但重大周年纪念日可能与心理健康症状的增加有关。在 1970 年 5 月 4 日肯特州立大学政治抗议暴力事件 50 周年纪念日期间和之后的 3 个月内，115 名个体完成了 PTSD、抑郁、焦虑和周年纪念日相关压力的测量。与 3 个月后相比，参与者报告在 50 周年纪念日期间压力更大（t(97) = 4.04，p ≤.001），但 PTSD 总得分（t(114) = 0.65，p = 0.52）或抑郁/焦虑症状无差异（所有 p 值均大于.05）。即使在高风险个体（那些之前接受过心理健康服务的个体）中，纪念日期间和之后的症状也没有差异。一般来说，长期纪念日可能会导致短暂的痛苦增加，但不会导致心理健康症状发生重大变化。
