Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
Department of Public Health, College for Health, Community and Policy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
BMC Public Health. 2021 Nov 20;21(1):2136. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-12197-3.
Tobacco advertising disproportionately targets low socio-economic position (SEP) groups, causing higher rates of tobacco use in this population. Anti-tobacco public health education campaigns persuade against use. This study measured real-time exposure of pro- and anti-tobacco messages from low SEP groups in two American cities.
Individuals in low SEP groups (N = 95), aged 18-34 years old, who were smokers and non-smokers, from the Boston and Houston areas, took part in a mobile health study. They submitted images of tobacco-related messages they encountered via a mobile application for a 7-week period. Two coders analyzed the images for message characteristics. Intercoder reliability was established using Krippendorff's alpha and data were analyzed descriptively.
Of the submitted images (N = 131), 83 were pro-tobacco and 53 were anti-tobacco. Of the pro-tobacco messages, the majority were cigarette ads (80.7%) seen outside (36.1%) or inside (30.1%) a convenience store or gas station and used conventional themes (e.g., price promotion; 53.2%). Of the anti-tobacco messages, 56.6% were sponsored by public health campaigns or were signage prohibiting smoking in a public area (39.6%). Most focused on the health harms of smoking (28.3%).
Low SEP groups in this study encountered more pro-tobacco than anti-tobacco messages at places that were point-of-sale using price promotions to appeal to this group. Anti-tobacco messages at point-of-sale and/or advertising regulations may help combat tobacco use.
烟草广告不成比例地针对社会经济地位较低（SEP）的群体，导致这一人群的烟草使用率更高。反烟草公共卫生教育运动劝阻人们使用烟草。本研究测量了两个美国城市中来自低 SEP 群体的亲烟和反烟信息的实时暴露情况。
来自波士顿和休斯顿地区的年龄在 18-34 岁的 SEP 较低的吸烟者和非吸烟者（N=95）参加了一项移动健康研究。他们通过移动应用程序提交他们在 7 周内遇到的与烟草相关的信息的图像。两名编码员分析了图像的信息特征。使用 Krippendorff 的 alpha 建立了编码员之间的可靠性，并进行了描述性分析。
提交的图像（N=131）中，83 张是支持烟草的，53 张是反对烟草的。在支持烟草的信息中，大多数是在便利店或加油站内外看到的香烟广告（80.7%），分别占 36.1%和 30.1%，并使用了传统的主题（例如，价格促销；53.2%）。在反烟草信息中，56.6%是由公共卫生运动赞助的，或是在公共场所禁止吸烟的标志（39.6%）。大多数信息侧重于吸烟对健康的危害（28.3%）。
在这项研究中，社会经济地位较低的群体在销售点遇到的亲烟信息多于反烟信息，这些信息使用价格促销来吸引这一群体。在销售点和/或广告法规中使用反烟草信息可能有助于打击烟草使用。
