Friedman N, Landesman H M, Wexler M
Section of Behavioral Dentistry, University of Southern California, School of Dentistry, Los Angeles.
J Prosthet Dent. 1987 Dec;58(6):687-9. doi: 10.1016/0022-3913(87)90419-7.
Loss and body image can result in anxiety, depression, or both and can affect a patient's adaptive capacity to accept edentulism and complete dentures. A specific classification system has been presented to identify responses by individuals who are made edentulous. Three types of maladaptive responses are considered as probable consequences of fear, anxiety, and depression associated with tooth loss and complete dentures. In maladaptive class 1, the patient adapts physically but is maladaptive psychologically; thus suffering some impairment of the quality of life. In maladaptive class 2, the so-called "difficult patient" is maladaptive physically and psychologically and keeps the doctor involved technically and emotionally for a protracted period of time. The maladaptive class 3 patient collapses with the loss of teeth. Physical and emotional maladaptibility is accompanied by much suffering and social withdrawal.
缺失牙齿和身体形象问题可能导致焦虑、抑郁，或两者兼而有之，并可能影响患者接受无牙状态和全口义齿的适应能力。已提出一种特定的分类系统，以识别无牙个体的反应。三种适应不良反应被认为是与牙齿缺失和全口义齿相关的恐惧、焦虑和抑郁的可能后果。在适应不良1类中，患者身体上能够适应，但心理上适应不良；因此生活质量受到一定损害。在适应不良2类中，即所谓的“难缠患者”，在身体和心理上都适应不良，并使医生在技术和情感上长期受累。适应不良3类患者因牙齿缺失而崩溃。身体和情感上的适应不良伴随着诸多痛苦和社交退缩。
