Gallego-Jara Julia, Ortega Álvaro, Lozano Terol Gema, Sola Martínez Rosa A, Cánovas Díaz Manuel, de Diego Puente Teresa
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (B) and Immunology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Oct 26;12:744416. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.744416. eCollection 2021.
Sirtuins are deacetylase enzymes widely distributed in all domains of life. Although for decades they have been related only to histones deacetylation in eukaryotic organisms, today they are considered global regulators in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Despite the important role of sirtuins in humans, the knowledge about bacterial sirtuins is still limited. Several proteomics studies have shown that bacterial sirtuins deacetylate a large number of lysines , although the effect that this deacetylation causes in most of them remains unknown. To date, only the regulation of a few bacterial sirtuin substrates has been characterized, being their metabolic roles widely distributed: carbon and nitrogen metabolism, DNA transcription, protein translation, or virulence. One of the most current topics on acetylation and deacetylation focuses on studying stoichiometry using quantitative LC-MS/MS. The results suggest that prokaryotic sirtuins deacetylate at low stoichiometry sites, although more studies are needed to know if it is a common characteristic of bacterial sirtuins and its biological significance. Unlike eukaryotic organisms, bacteria usually have one or few sirtuins, which have been reported to have closer phylogenetic similarity with the human Sirt5 than with any other human sirtuin. In this work, in addition to carrying out an in-depth review of the role of bacterial sirtuins in their physiology, a phylogenetic study has been performed that reveals the evolutionary differences between sirtuins of different bacterial species and even between homologous sirtuins.
沉默调节蛋白是广泛分布于所有生命领域的去乙酰化酶。尽管几十年来它们仅与真核生物中的组蛋白去乙酰化有关，但如今它们被认为是原核生物和真核生物中的全局调节因子。尽管沉默调节蛋白在人类中具有重要作用，但关于细菌沉默调节蛋白的知识仍然有限。多项蛋白质组学研究表明，细菌沉默调节蛋白可使大量赖氨酸去乙酰化，尽管这种去乙酰化在其中大多数情况下所产生的影响仍不为人知。迄今为止，仅对少数细菌沉默调节蛋白底物的调控进行了表征，它们的代谢作用广泛分布于碳氮代谢、DNA转录、蛋白质翻译或毒力等方面。当前关于乙酰化和去乙酰化的最热门话题之一是使用定量液相色谱 - 串联质谱法研究化学计量。结果表明，原核生物沉默调节蛋白在低化学计量位点进行去乙酰化，不过还需要更多研究来确定这是否是细菌沉默调节蛋白的共同特征及其生物学意义。与真核生物不同，细菌通常有一个或几个沉默调节蛋白，据报道，这些沉默调节蛋白与人类Sirt5的系统发育相似性比与任何其他人类沉默调节蛋白的都更高。在这项工作中，除了对细菌沉默调节蛋白在其生理学中的作用进行深入综述外，还进行了一项系统发育研究，揭示了不同细菌物种的沉默调节蛋白之间甚至同源沉默调节蛋白之间的进化差异。
