Jabbar Asfia, Qureshi Ruqaya, Dhrolia Murtaza, Nasir Kiran, Ahmad Aasim
Nephrology, The Kidney Centre Postgraduate Training Institute, Karachi, PAK.
Nephrology, The Kidney Center Post Graduate Training Institute, Karachi, PAK.
Cureus. 2021 Oct 15;13(10):e18801. doi: 10.7759/cureus.18801. eCollection 2021 Oct.
Objective This study assessed the variety and frequency of various cardiovascular events in different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients who were hospitalized due to different causes. Methods This prospective cross-sectional observational analysis was conducted at the Department of Nephrology in The Kidney Centre Post Graduate Training Institute Karachi on all adult CKD (of all stages with or without dialysis) patients, who developed cardiovascular events during their hospital admission either in ward or ICU due to any cause between August 2020 and February 2021. Total of 765 patients got admitted in the given time period and among them, 290 patients developed various cardiovascular events. Baseline data, co-morbidities, clinical features, drug history and management were determined. Results There were a total of 290 patients in our study in which 154 (53.1%) were male and 136(46.9%) were female. Mean age was 57 ± 15.5. Our majority of patients were end-stage renal disease and on maintenance hemodialysis (n=119, 41%) while the most prevalent co-morbid condition was hypertension (n=227, 78.3%) followed by diabetes mellitus (n=204, 70.4%). The most frequent cardiovascular events in CKD patients was the atrial fibrillation 101(34.8%) while 37(12.8%) patients suffered ST-elevation myocardial infarction and supraventricular tachycardia. Patients who had high potassium levels (>5.2) most frequently suffered from atrial fibrillation (n=16, 28.1%) as compared to other cardiovascular events. Conclusion Patients with CKD are at increased risk of having several cardiovascular events. Numerous risk factors involved in the pathogenesis. Among the diverse causes, fluctuations in serum levels of various electrolytes are important causes as certain electrolytes disbalance can trigger various life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias.
目的 本研究评估了因不同病因住院的慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者不同阶段各种心血管事件的种类和发生频率。方法 本前瞻性横断面观察性分析在卡拉奇肾脏中心研究生培训学院肾脏病科对所有成年CKD患者（所有阶段，无论是否接受透析）进行，这些患者在2020年8月至2021年2月期间因任何原因在病房或重症监护病房住院期间发生了心血管事件。在给定时间段内共有765例患者入院，其中290例患者发生了各种心血管事件。确定了基线数据、合并症、临床特征、用药史和治疗情况。结果 我们的研究共有290例患者，其中154例（53.1%）为男性，136例（46.9%）为女性。平均年龄为57±15.5岁。我们的大多数患者为终末期肾病且接受维持性血液透析（n=119，41%），而最常见的合并症是高血压（n=227，78.3%），其次是糖尿病（n=204，70.4%）。CKD患者最常见的心血管事件是心房颤动101例（34.8%），而37例（12.8%）患者发生ST段抬高型心肌梗死和室上性心动过速。血钾水平高（>5.2）的患者与其他心血管事件相比，最常发生心房颤动（n=16，28.1%）。结论 CKD患者发生多种心血管事件的风险增加。发病机制涉及众多危险因素。在各种病因中，各种电解质水平的波动是重要原因，因为某些电解质失衡可引发各种危及生命的心律失常。
