Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam.
Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University.
Dev Psychol. 2021 Oct;57(10):1582-1596. doi: 10.1037/dev0001208.
This Dutch multi-informant study examined effects of the first COVID-19 lockdown (LD; e.g., school closure and social restrictions) on parent-adolescent relationships. Four biweekly measurements before and 4 biweekly measurements during the LD were collected among adolescents (N = 179, Mage = 14.26 years, 69% girls) and their parents (N = 144, Mage = 47.01 years, 81% female). Parents' educational level was relatively diverse: 12% low (high school or lower), 33% medium (vocational training), and 55% high (college or university). Adolescents and parents reported on parental support, parent-adolescent conflict, autonomy support, psychological control, behavioral control, and time spent on various activities. Adolescents spent more time with their parents during LD (before M = 8.6 hr, during M = 12.7 hr), but less time with friends (before M = 8.1 hr, during M = 2.1 hr), and reported on average 13 COVID-19-related rules. Preregistered piecewise growth models confirmed that autonomy support decreased immediately during the LD, but no mean level changes were observed in the other relationship dimensions. During the first 2 months of the LD, parents reported gradual increases in autonomy support and decreases in behavioral control. Moreover, significant differences between families were found in sudden and more gradual relationship changes, which correlated strongly with pre-LD characteristics of the relationship, and in some models with adolescent oppositional defiance and legitimacy beliefs. In sum, findings suggest resilience in most families, but also heterogeneity: Some families were negatively affected, and others were positively affected. A tailored approach is therefore needed to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on family functioning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
这项荷兰多 informant 研究考察了第一次 COVID-19 封锁（LD；例如，学校关闭和社会限制）对亲子关系的影响。在 LD 之前和期间，分别对 179 名青少年（Mage=14.26 岁，69%为女性）及其父母（N=144，Mage=47.01 岁，81%为女性）进行了四次两周一次的测量。父母的教育水平相对多样化：12%为低（高中或以下），33%为中（职业培训），55%为高（大学或以上）。青少年和父母报告了父母支持、亲子冲突、自主性支持、心理控制、行为控制以及各种活动的时间。青少年在 LD 期间与父母共度的时间更多（之前 M=8.6 小时，期间 M=12.7 小时），但与朋友共度的时间更少（之前 M=8.1 小时，期间 M=2.1 小时），并报告了平均 13 项与 COVID-19 相关的规则。预先注册的分段增长模型证实，自主性支持在 LD 期间立即下降，但其他关系维度没有观察到平均水平的变化。在 LD 的头 2 个月，父母报告自主性支持逐渐增加，行为控制逐渐减少。此外，还发现家庭之间存在显著差异，即亲子关系的突然和更渐进的变化，这与关系的预 LD 特征密切相关，在某些模型中与青少年的对立违抗和合法性信念有关。总之，研究结果表明，大多数家庭都具有弹性，但也存在异质性：一些家庭受到负面影响，而另一些家庭则受到积极影响。因此，需要采取量身定制的方法来减轻 COVID-19 对家庭功能的影响。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2021 APA，保留所有权利）。
