加纳北部母乳喂养（EIBF）和开奶前喂养的流行情况及其决定因素：一项横断面调查。
Prevalence and determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) and prelacteal feeding in Northern Ghana: A cross-sectional survey.
机构信息
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.
Department of Public Health, Catholic University College of Ghana, Fiapre, Ghana.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2021 Nov 22;16(11):e0260347. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260347. eCollection 2021.
BACKGROUND
There is suboptimal early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) with widespread prelacteal feeding in Ghana. However, studies exploring the determinants of EIBF and prelacteal feeding are limited in Ghana. The study was conducted to assess the prevalence and determinants of EIBF and prelacteal feeding in Northern Ghana.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 508 mothers with infants aged 0-24 months in the Sagnarigu Municipality of Northern Ghana. The quantitative data were collected using a structured questionnaire adapted from Ghana's demographic and health survey. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the independent determinants of EIBF and prelacteal feeding.
RESULTS
The prevalence of EIBF and prelacteal feeding was 72% and 21%, respectively. The independent positive determinants of EIBF were partner support to breastfeed [adjusted Odds ratio (AOR): 1.86, 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.09-3.17] and exposure to breastfeeding information during pregnancy (AOR = 1.63 (95% CI: 1.01-2.64). Lower odds of EIBF were observed among mothers from extended family (AOR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.41-0.95). Regarding prelacteal feeding, negative determinants were having a normal weight baby (AOR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.27-0.90), exposure to breastfeeding information during pregnancy (AOR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.31-0.92), while experiencing delayed onset of lactation was a risk factor for prelacteal feeding practice (AOR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.41-3.94).
CONCLUSION
In this study, EIBF was slightly higher than the 2030 global target on EIBF with widespread prelacteal feeding practice. Health programs aimed at improving EIBF should focus on the women partners, nutrition counselling, and support to mothers from the extended family. In the same vein, programs aimed at discouraging prelacteal feeding practice should also target women at risk, such as those with low birthweight babies and women experiencing delayed lactation onset.
背景
加纳普遍存在开奶前喂养，但母乳喂养（EIBF）的早期启动情况并不理想。然而，加纳有关 EIBF 和开奶前喂养决定因素的研究有限。本研究旨在评估加纳北部 EIBF 和开奶前喂养的流行情况和决定因素。
方法
本横断面研究在加纳北部的 Sagnarigu 市对 508 名 0-24 月龄婴儿的母亲进行了调查。通过改编自加纳人口与健康调查的结构化问卷收集了定量数据。采用多变量逻辑回归分析确定 EIBF 和开奶前喂养的独立决定因素。
结果
EIBF 和开奶前喂养的流行率分别为 72%和 21%。EIBF 的独立正向决定因素为伴侣对母乳喂养的支持[调整后的优势比（AOR）：1.86，95%置信区间（CI）：1.09-3.17]和孕期接受母乳喂养信息的情况（AOR=1.63（95%CI：1.01-2.64）。来自大家庭的母亲 EIBF 的可能性较低（AOR=0.62，95%CI：0.41-0.95）。对于开奶前喂养，体重正常的婴儿（AOR：0.50，95%CI：0.27-0.90）、孕期接受母乳喂养信息（AOR：0.54，95%CI：0.31-0.92）是其负向决定因素，而泌乳延迟是开奶前喂养的危险因素（AOR：2.35，95%CI：1.41-3.94）。
结论
在本研究中，EIBF 略高于 2030 年全球 EIBF 目标，且普遍存在开奶前喂养的情况。旨在提高 EIBF 的卫生项目应关注女性伴侣、营养咨询和来自大家庭的母亲的支持。同样，旨在阻止开奶前喂养的项目也应针对有风险的妇女，如低出生体重婴儿的妇女和泌乳延迟的妇女。
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