Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
Graduate School of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan.
Front Neuroendocrinol. 2022 Jan;64:100968. doi: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100968. Epub 2021 Nov 19.
Accumulating findings during the past decades have demonstrated that the hypothalamic arcuate kisspeptin neurons are supposed to be responsible for pulsatile release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to regulate gametogenesis and steroidogenesis in mammals. The arcuate kisspeptin neurons express neurokinin B (NKB) and dynorphin A (Dyn), thus, the neurons are also referred to as KNDy neurons. In the present article, we mainly focus on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying GnRH pulse generation, that is focused on the action of NKB and Dyn and an interaction between KNDy neurons and astrocytes to control GnRH pulse generation. Then, we also discuss the factors that modulate the activity of KNDy neurons and consequent pulsatile GnRH/LH release in mammals.
在过去几十年中积累的研究结果表明，下丘脑弓状吻肽神经元负责 GnRH 的脉冲式释放，以调节哺乳动物的配子发生和类固醇生成。弓状吻肽神经元表达神经激肽 B（NKB）和强啡肽 A（Dyn），因此，这些神经元也被称为 KNDy 神经元。在本文中，我们主要关注 GnRH 脉冲生成的细胞和分子机制，即重点关注 NKB 和 Dyn 的作用以及 KNDy 神经元与星形胶质细胞之间的相互作用，以控制 GnRH 脉冲生成。然后，我们还讨论了调节 KNDy 神经元活性以及随后哺乳动物 GnRH/LH 脉冲释放的因素。
