Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; The Reproductive Sciences Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Peptides. 2023 May;163:170963. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.170963. Epub 2023 Feb 3.
Gonadal steroid feedback regulates the brain's patterned secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Negative feedback, which occurs in males and during the majority of the female cycle, modulates the amplitude and frequency of GnRH pulses. Positive feedback occurs in females when high estradiol induces a surge pattern of GnRH release. These two forms of feedback and their corresponding patterns of GnRH secretion are thought to be mediated by kisspeptin-expressing neurons in two hypothalamic areas: the arcuate nucleus and the anteroventral periventricular area. In this review, we present evidence for this theory and remaining questions to be addressed.
性腺类固醇反馈调节着脑垂体促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）的有规律分泌。负反馈在男性和女性周期的大部分时间都会发生，调节 GnRH 脉冲的幅度和频率。在女性中，当雌激素水平升高时会诱导 GnRH 释放的爆发模式，从而产生正反馈。这两种反馈形式及其相应的 GnRH 分泌模式被认为是由两个下丘脑区域中表达 kisspeptin 的神经元介导的：弓状核和前脑室下区。在这篇综述中，我们提出了支持这一理论的证据以及仍需解决的问题。
