Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
Reprod Toxicol. 2022 Jan;107:33-39. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.11.004. Epub 2021 Nov 19.
Early menarche is associated with adverse health outcomes during adolescence as well as breast and other reproductive cancers later in adulthood. However, the causes of early menarche and the pathways through which they operate are not fully understood. Though maternal thyroid function during pregnancy affects child growth, and rapid childhood growth is associated with a decreased age at menarche, the relationship between prenatal maternal thyroid function and daughters' age at menarche has not been examined. We conducted a mediation analysis in a historical cohort of 260 mother-child pairs to estimate the total and indirect effects of maternal prenatal thyroid function on daughters' age at menarche. No association was observed between thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) or anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (ATPO) and daughters' age at menarche. Using a sample-specific, a-priori cutoff at the 10th percentile, low levels of maternal free thyroxine (FT4) were associated with earlier daughter age at menarche, with a hazard ratio (95 % CI) of 1.70 (1.02, 2.84) comparing the bottom 10th percentile with the top 90th percentile of exposure levels. Higher maternal FT4 was associated with rapid child weight gain from ages 5-9, and rapid child weight gain from ages 5-9 was associated with earlier age at menarche; the estimated indirect effect of this pathway was null. While maternal FT4 is associated with earlier age at menarche in daughters, this is not mediated by rapid weight gain in our study population, suggesting that maternal FT4 is operating through a different pathway.
初潮早与青少年时期的不良健康结果以及成年后乳腺癌和其他生殖系统癌症有关。然而，初潮早的原因以及其作用途径尚未完全了解。尽管母亲怀孕期间的甲状腺功能会影响儿童的生长，而儿童的快速生长与初潮年龄提前有关，但尚未研究产前母亲甲状腺功能与女儿初潮年龄之间的关系。我们在一个由 260 对母子组成的历史队列中进行了中介分析，以估计母亲产前甲状腺功能对女儿初潮年龄的总效应和间接效应。促甲状腺激素（TSH）或抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（ATPO）与女儿的初潮年龄之间没有关联。使用样本特异性、预先设定的第 10 百分位截断值，母亲游离甲状腺素（FT4）水平较低与女儿初潮年龄较早有关，在比较暴露水平的第 10 百分位与第 90 百分位时，风险比（95%CI）为 1.70（1.02，2.84）。较高的母体 FT4 与 5-9 岁时儿童体重快速增长有关，而 5-9 岁时儿童体重快速增长与初潮年龄较早有关；该途径的估计间接效应为零。虽然母亲 FT4 与女儿的初潮年龄较早有关，但在我们的研究人群中，这并不是通过快速体重增加介导的，这表明母亲 FT4 是通过不同的途径起作用的。
