High School of Oxygen Ozone Therapy, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Unit of Neurosurgery, Villa Mafalda Health Clinics, Rome, Italy.
Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2022 Feb;130(2):225-239. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.13690. Epub 2021 Dec 2.
The COVID-19 pandemic is a highly dramatic concern for mankind. In Italy, the pandemic exerted its major impact throughout the period of February to June 2020. To date, the awkward amount of more than 134,000 deaths has been reported. Yet, post-mortem autopsy was performed on a very modest number of patients who died from COVID-19 infection, leading to a first confirmation of an immune-thrombosis of the lungs as the major COVID-19 pathogenesis, likewise for SARS. Since then (June-August 2020), no targeted early therapy considering this pathogenetic issue was approached. The patients treated with early anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet, anticoagulant and antibiotic therapy confirmed that COVID-19 was an endothelial inflammation with immuno-thrombosis. Patients not treated or scarcely treated with the most proper and appropriate therapy and in the earliest, increased the hospitalization rate in the intensive care units and also mortality, due to immune-thrombosis from the pulmonary capillary district and alveoli. The disease causes widespread endothelial inflammation, which can induce damage to various organs and systems. Therapy must be targeted in this consideration, and in this review, we demonstrate how early anti-inflammatory therapy may treat endothelia inflammation and immune-thrombosis caused by COVID-19, by using drugs we are going to recommend in this paper.
新冠疫情是人类面临的高度戏剧性的挑战。在意大利,疫情在 2020 年 2 月至 6 月期间造成了重大影响。迄今为止,报告的死亡人数超过 134000 人。然而,对死于 COVID-19 感染的患者进行的尸检数量非常少,这导致首次证实肺部免疫血栓形成是 COVID-19 的主要发病机制,与 SARS 相同。从那时起(2020 年 6 月至 8 月),没有针对这种发病机制的靶向早期治疗方法。用早期抗炎、抗血小板、抗凝和抗生素治疗的患者证实 COVID-19 是一种内皮炎症伴免疫血栓形成。未接受或几乎未接受最适当和适当治疗的患者,以及治疗时间较晚的患者,增加了重症监护病房的住院率,并因肺毛细血管区和肺泡的免疫血栓形成而导致死亡率上升。这种疾病会引起广泛的内皮炎症,从而可能导致各种器官和系统的损伤。在这种情况下,治疗必须有针对性,在这篇综述中,我们展示了早期抗炎治疗如何通过使用我们将在本文中推荐的药物来治疗 COVID-19 引起的内皮炎症和免疫血栓形成。