Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China.
Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Apr 20;818:151722. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151722. Epub 2021 Nov 20.
Biogenic emissions are widely known as important precursors of ozone, yet there is potentially a strong interaction and synergy between biogenic and anthropogenic emissions, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), in modulating ozone formation. To a large extent, the synergy affects the effectiveness of anthropogenic emission control, thereby reshaping the O-NOx-VOC empirical kinetic modeling approach (EKMA) diagram. Focusing on the ozone pollution period of June 2017 in the North China Plain, we design almost 500 numerical experiments using regional air quality model Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) that revealed an interesting synergic effect, defined as the contribution of biogenic emissions to ozone concentrations concomitant with a reduction in anthropogenic emissions. A quasi-EKMA diagram is constructed to delineate the contribution of biogenic emissions to ozone concentrations, indicative of a linearly amplified or nonlinearly weakened result associated with reductions in anthropogenic VOCs or NOx emissions, respectively, illustrating the dipole characteristics of the synergic effect. The reduced ozone contribution from biogenic emissions along with NOx emission reduction can be used to represent controllable biogenically induced ozone (BIO). Both the amplified and controllable BIO are tightly linked to both local emissions and regional transport, implicative of an essential role in joint regional emission control. In regard to ozone exceedance, the role of biogenic emissions may be even more important, in that its contribution is comparable to or even larger than that of anthropogenic emissions when associated with a reduction in anthropogenic emissions, which is clearly demonstrated based on the near carbon neutrality scenario shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) 126. Meanwhile, the biogenic emissions may steer the modulation of anthropogenic emissions in the change rate of MDA8 ozone concentration. Therefore, the synergic effect of biogenic and anthropogenic emissions elucidated in this study should be carefully considered in future ozone pollution control.
生物成因排放被广泛认为是臭氧的重要前体，但在调节臭氧形成方面，生物成因排放与人为排放（包括挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 和氮氧化物 (NOx)）之间存在着很强的相互作用和协同作用。在很大程度上，协同作用影响了人为排放控制的效果，从而重塑了 O-NOx-VOC 经验动力模型方法 (EKMA) 图。本文以 2017 年 6 月华北平原臭氧污染期为例，利用区域空气质量模型 Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) 设计了近 500 项数值实验，揭示了一个有趣的协同效应，定义为生物成因排放对臭氧浓度的贡献伴随着人为排放的减少。构建了准 EKMA 图来描绘生物成因排放对臭氧浓度的贡献，表明与人为 VOC 或 NOx 排放减少相关的线性放大或非线性减弱结果，分别说明了协同效应的偶极子特征。随着 NOx 排放减少，生物成因排放对臭氧的贡献减少，可用于代表可控制的生物诱导臭氧 (BIO)。增强的和可控制的 BIO 都与本地排放和区域传输密切相关，这意味着在联合区域排放控制中具有重要作用。就臭氧超标而言，生物排放的作用可能更为重要，因为当与人为排放减少相关联时，其贡献可与人为排放相当，甚至更大，这一点在基于共享社会经济途径 (SSP)126 的近碳中性情景中得到了清楚的证明。同时，生物排放可能会影响人为排放在 MDA8 臭氧浓度变化率上的调节。因此，本研究中阐明的生物成因和人为排放的协同作用应在未来的臭氧污染控制中得到仔细考虑。
