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[中国31个省级儿童发展纲要中意外伤害防控的目标与策略]

[Objectives and strategies of unintentional injury prevention and control in 31 provincial Children's Development Outlines in China].

作者信息

Ye P P, Jin Y, Er Y L, Duan L L

机构信息

Division of Injury Prevention and Mental Health, National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.

出版信息

Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2021 Aug 10;42(8):1380-1391. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20200706-00924.

Abstract

To landscape the contents, similarities, and differences of the objectives and strategies for unintentional injury prevention and control in the national and 31 provincial Children's Development Outlines from 2011 to 2020, and propose relevant suggestions. The content analysis method was used to extract, encode and classify the objective and strategy text of unintentional injury in all Children's Development Outlines and construct the theme of strategy text combined with the '5E' Injury Prevention Framework. Taking the national Children's Development Outline as the benchmark, the relevant contents of 31 provincial Children's Development Outlines in the same period were compared. All Children's Development Outlines took child injury prevention and control as the primary objective set in health, environment, and safety. The national and most provincial Children's Development Outlines set this goal in health, while others put it in environment or safety. Reducing injury-induced death, disability and occurrence were designated as the main content in the objective of child injury prevention and control. However, there were no quantitative requirements for injury occurrence and disability in all the provincial outlines. The themes of unintentional injury prevention and control strategies in all Children's Development Outlines could be divided into the mechanism, law enforcement, education, environment, engineering, first aid, assessment, and economic strategies. Mechanism strategy was the primary domain, followed by law enforcement, education, environment, and engineering strategies, but less attention was put on first aid, assessment, and economic strategies. The unintentional injury prevention and control strategy in the provincial Children's Development Outlines was mainly based on the national outline. Still, it also varied with some emphasis and refinement in different items among all the provinces. Children's Development Outline is a vital policy guarantee for implementing child injury prevention and control work. Developing a system involving good primary data, mechanisms and strategies, law enforcement, and environmental and engineering-related strategies for more common types of child injuries has been attached to great importance. Actively carrying out assessments and encouraging the adoption of more economical strategies could further enrich and improve the unintentional injury prevention and control in Children's Development Outline and promote the progress of related work in China.

摘要

梳理2011年至2020年国家及31个省级《儿童发展纲要》中意外伤害预防与控制的目标及策略的内容、异同,并提出相关建议。采用内容分析法,对各《儿童发展纲要》中意外伤害的目标及策略文本进行提取、编码和分类,并结合“5E”伤害预防框架构建策略文本主题。以国家《儿童发展纲要》为基准,比较同期31个省级《儿童发展纲要》的相关内容。所有《儿童发展纲要》均将儿童伤害预防与控制作为健康、环境与安全方面的首要目标设定。国家及多数省级《儿童发展纲要》将该目标设定在健康领域,其他则置于环境或安全领域。减少伤害导致的死亡、残疾及发生被指定为儿童伤害预防与控制目标的主要内容。然而,所有省级纲要中对伤害发生及残疾均无量化要求。各《儿童发展纲要》中意外伤害预防与控制策略的主题可分为机制、执法、教育、环境、工程、急救、评估及经济策略。机制策略是首要领域,其次是执法、教育、环境及工程策略,但对急救、评估及经济策略关注较少。省级《儿童发展纲要》中的意外伤害预防与控制策略主要以国家纲要为基础,但在各省不同项目中也存在一些侧重点和细化差异。《儿童发展纲要》是实施儿童伤害预防与控制工作的重要政策保障。制定一套涉及常见儿童伤害类型的良好基础数据、机制与策略、执法以及环境与工程相关策略的体系至关重要。积极开展评估并鼓励采用更经济的策略,可进一步丰富和完善《儿童发展纲要》中的意外伤害预防与控制工作,推动我国相关工作的进展。

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