I Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.
Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther. 2021;53(5):466-474. doi: 10.5114/ait.2021.108646.
In recent years commensal microorganisms are not just "passive occupants", but important element of homeostasis. There are numerous reports documenting the composition and role of the gut, skin or vagina microbiome but the role of commensal orga-nisms living in the lungs is relatively unknown. Pulmonary microbiome impact on the immune response of the host organism and may indicate new therapeutic directions. Lung microbiome, by modulating the expression of innate immunity genes, causes an increase in the concentration of interleukin (IL)-5, IL-10, interferon γ and C-C motif chemokine ligand 11, affects the toll-like receptor-4-dependent response of pulmonary macrophages and modulate the production of antibacterial peptides contained in the mucus. It is documented that disorders of the lung microbiome contribute to asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However it is known that pulmonary dysbiosis also occurs in critically ill patients. It is possible, therefore, that microbiota-targeted therapy may constitute the future therapeutic direction in ICU.
近年来，共生微生物不仅是“被动的居住者”，而且是体内平衡的重要组成部分。有大量的报道记录了肠道、皮肤或阴道微生物组的组成和作用，但生活在肺部的共生生物的作用相对未知。肺部微生物组会影响宿主生物体的免疫反应，并可能指出新的治疗方向。肺部微生物组通过调节先天免疫基因的表达，导致白细胞介素（IL）-5、IL-10、干扰素γ和 C-C 基序趋化因子配体 11 的浓度增加，影响肺部巨噬细胞中 Toll 样受体-4 依赖性反应，并调节存在于黏液中的抗菌肽的产生。有文献记载，肺部微生物组的紊乱会导致哮喘或慢性阻塞性肺疾病。然而，众所周知，肺部微生态失调也发生在危重病患者中。因此，针对微生物组的治疗可能构成 ICU 未来的治疗方向。
